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When the Space Race began in 1959, the Soviet Union accomplished many firsts. Among them, the first satellite in space, the first animal in space, the first man in space, the first woman in space, the first man to walk in space, the first multi-vehicle space mission among others. The United States was constantly getting beat by the Soviets in major international technological feats. After the Soviets sent Yuri Gagarin into space to become the first man in space, President John Kennedy asked his vice president, Lyndon Johnson, if there was "any space program which promises dramatic results which we could win?" 3 weeks later, Johnson reported that "manned exploration of the moon, for example, is not only an achievement with great Propaganda value, but it is essential as an objective whether or not we are first in its accomplishment." On May 25, 1961, Kennedy announced before a special session of congress that the United States "should committ itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth."

Kennedy's goal was accomplished on July 20, 1969, when Apollo 11 becamed the first manned vehilcle to land on another celestial body. The United States sent 6 more missions to land on the moon. 5 of them were successful. The Apollo 13 moon landing was cancelled after an oxygen tank exploded on the way to the moon. The astronauts continued to the moon and swung around it and returned safely 4 days later.

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