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Was there Native Americans in Colorado during the war?

shoshones and ely hi


Who were some of the Indians?

Some of the most famous Indians or Native Americans include: Sherman Alexie Black Elk Joseph Brant Ben nighthorse Campbell Dr. Charles Eastman Geronimo Ira Hayes Billy Mills N. Scott Momaday Ely S. Parker Pushmataha Squanto Tecumseh Jim Thorpe Russell Means Robin Maxkii Maria Tallcheif Chris Eska Wilma Mankiller Dennis Banks Leonard Peltier


Is there a list or roster of members of the NC Regulators movement?

Acuages John Adams, James Adams, Thomas Adams, William Aiken Jones Albright, William Aldridge, James Aldridge, Nathan Aldridge, Nicholas Alexander, William Alexander, Thomas Allen, Joseph Allen, Samuel Almond, Edward Allmond, James Almond, Seamore Allrid, William Andriss, Adam Andriss, Conrad Armstrong, Isaac Armstrong, James Arnett, James F. Arrington, Thomas Ashley, Nathaniel Ashley, Robert Ashmore, Walter Awtray, alex Baile, John Bailey, John Baily, Thomas Balice, Thomas Bannistor, William Brber, Richard Barber, William Barindine, James Barindine, William Jr. & Sr. Barker, James Barker, Nicholas Barker, Samuel Barnes, Brincelay Barnes, James Barnes, John Barritt, Benjamin Barrets, Thomas Barton, John Barton, William Baxter, John Beaty, Thomas Beck, Jeffrey Beel, Thomas Belhany, Thomas Bell, John Bellew, Abraham Belvin, George Belvin, Isaac Bennett, John Benton, William Bery, John Beten, William Bignour, James Billingsley, James Binnum, James Blewett, William Bly, James Boatman, Waterman Boe, John Boggan, Patrick Jr. Boggs, Joseph Boilston, Will Bond, John Bond, W.C.B. Boothe, Charles Boring, Joseph Bosil, William Bound, James Bradley, Abram Bradley, Lawrence Brady, Ayen Branson, Ely Branson, Thomas Brantley, James Braswell, Benjamin Braswell, Richard Bray, Edward Bray, Henry Brewer, Nickless Bricks, John Brisley, Peter Broadway, Robert Brooks, Isaac Brooks, Jacob W. Brooks, James Brooks, Jacob W. Brooks, James Brooks, John Brown, Daniel Brown, David Brown, James Brown, Robert Brown, William Brox, John Brur, Noel Brus, John Bruton, Samuel Bryan, John Buchanan, Samuel Bullen, John Bumpass, John Bunt, Benjamin Burcham, Henry Brucham, James Burcham, John Burcham, Joseph Burgies, James Burns, Darass Burns, William Burt, William Burtson . John Bush, Stephen Buskin, Abraham Butler, John Butler, William Busen, William Calley, Patrick Cane, William Capin, John Caps, William Carpenter, Jobs Carr, Joseph Cartwright, John Caterham, John Caruthers, Robert Ceinght, Peter Chafen, Joseph Chambers, Edward Cheek, Randolph Cheny, Francis Christian, Christopher Christian, Thomas Christman, Jacob Cilleadon, Job Clanton, Benjamin Clapp, Barney Clap, George Claps John Clapp, Ludwig Clap,Tobias Clark, Elijah Clark. John Clark, Joseph Clark, Samuel Clauton, Charles Cochran, Benjamin W. Cockerham, John Code, Timothy Colbon, James Coleman, John Coleman, William Collins, Jacob Collons, Josua Conkwrite, Harklis Copeland, James Copeland, William Jr. Copeland, William Sr. Coplin, Nicklos Coplin, Thomas Corry, John Gortner, George Cortner, Peter Covington, Benjamin Cowen, John Cox, David Cox, Herman Cox, Joseph Cox, Solomon Cos, Thomas Cox, William Craswell, John Craswell, William Craven, John Craven, Joseph Cravan, Peter Cravan, Thomas Creaton, Patrick Creson, Abraham Crofts, Solomon Croswell, Gilbard Croswell, John Croswell, William Crow, John Crow, Mansfield Culberson, Samuel Culbison, Andrew Davis, Enoch Culpepper, Daniel Culpepper, John Culpepper, Thompson Culpepper, William Cure, Ezekel Curey, John Curtiss, Samuel Dark, Samuel Davis, Gabriel Davis, James Davis, John Davis, Jonathan Davis, Matthew Davis, Robert Davis, Thomas Davis, William Debury, Samuel Delap, James Delap, Robert Denson, James Denson, Shadrach Deviney, Samuel Digges, William Dinkins, thomas Dison, Charlie Dixon, Simon Dobbins, Jacob Donner, Thomas Dorset, Francis Dowd, Dyer Dowdy, Daniel Dowas, Richard Dinkins, William Dray, Jacob Drinkin, William Duckworth, Jeremiah Dumas, Benjamin Dumas, David Dunem, John Dunn, Bartholomew Dunn, John Dunn, Simon Jr. Dunn, William Edwards, Meager Edwards, Josua Ellis, James Emmerson, James English, Joseph English, Matthew English, William Erwin, John Estress, George Estress, William Evans, Aaron Evans, James Falconbery, Andrew Falconbery, Henry Falconbery, Isaac Sr. Falconbery, Isaac Jr. Falconbery, John Fall, Christen Fannin, John Fanning, Thomas Sr. Fanning, Thomas Jr. Fany, William Few, Benjamin Few, James Few, William Sr. Fields, Jeremiah Fields, William Fielding, William Fike, John Filker, Jacob Firnier, Marton Flack, Thomas Flake, Samuel Flemmin, John Forbis, John Fortenbury, Henry Fortenbury, John Foshea, Joseph Fox, Thomas Franklin, Leonard French, Neal French, Joseph Fruite, John Fudge, Jacob Fuller, John Fuller, Josua Fuller, Thomas Futrelle, Thomas Fyke, Malachy Gapen, John Gardner, Parish Garran, James Gaylord, Samuel Gearner, Thomas George, Joseph Gibson, James Gibson, Silverster Gibson, Walter Gibson, William Gideon, Gilbert Sr. Gideon, Gilbert Jr. Gilbert, Jonathan Gilbert Joshua Gillespie, Daniel Gillespie, John Gillmore, William Gilmer, John Ginil, Peter Glase, Christian Glase, George Glase, Philip Jr. Glase, Philip Sr. Glase, Powel Glover, Thomas Goble, George Gible, John (Goble?) Goble, Nicholas Goff, Solomon Goldstone, Charles Gordon, Frank Gowers, Thomas Gowers, Jonathan Graham, James Graves, John Greaves, Thomas Green, William Greers, William Griffin, Andrew Griffin, James Grigg, Jacob Gring, Fagan Gross, Solomon Grubbs, Benjamin Grubbs, John Gugle, John Hadley, James A. Hadley, Jesse Hadley, Joshua Hadley, Simeon Haley, Isam Haley, Silas Haley, William Sr. Haley, William Jr. Hamilton, Archibald Hamilton, Hanson Hamilton, Matthew Hamilton, Ninian Hamilton, Ninian Bell Hamilton, Thomas Hammer, Abraham Harden, Stephen Haridon, James Harland, Aaron Harland, Reuben Harlow, Eron Harmon, Zach Harper, Abraham Harper, Samuel Harper, Thomas Harris, Joseph Harrison, Jesse Harrison, Joseph Hart, John Hartzo, John Hartso, Philip Helms, Jonathan Henderson, Argulus Henderson, John Helms, Tilmon Henderson, William Hendry, George Hendrye, Thomas Jr. Hendrye, Thomas Sr. Henry, George Henson, Charles Henson, John Henson, Joseph Herndon, James Henson, Joseph Herndon, James Henson, William Herring, Delany Herrman, Henry Hickman, William Hielerman, Nicholas Higgins, James Higgins, John Higgins, William Hill, Thomas Hilton, Abraham Hilton, John Hindes, Joseph Hines, Charles Hinsinbru, Jason Iron Hintrand, William Hogins, Thadwick Hogon, William Griffin Holley, Julius Honest, Michael Hopper, Thomas Hore, William Horn, Jacob Hornbeck, John Howard, Nehemiah Howe, John Laws, Dan Layn, Marveric Leak, Richard Leary, William Leaton, William Leveritt, John Leveritt, William Liles, James Liles, John Lille, Muicher Lindley, Thomas Linterman, Henry Litten, Mincher Llewellyn, Jonathan Lloyd, Thomas Lloyd, Iomond Logan, Andrew Long, John Lord, Lewis Lowe, James Lowe, John Lowe, Samuel Lowery, James Lowery, Lewis Lowery, Robert Lucas, William Jr. Luin, John McCaul, James McCay, Daniel McClewland, John McCoy, Archibald McCoy, John McDaniel, Jacob McIlvailly, John Mackejh, James McMeot, James McNish, John McPherson, Joseph McPherson, Alexander MacPherson, William McQuinton, John McSwaine, Patrick Macvay, John Maner, Richard Marchbanks, George Marfay, Roger Marmane, Larence Marsevaine, John Marshall, Jacob Marshall, John Martin, Joseph Martin, Zachariah Mason, John Mason, Ralph Mason, Thomas Jr. Mason, Thomas Sr. Massett, William Mateer, Robert Mathew, Ned Mathews, Anthony Mathews, James Mathews, John Mathin, Anthony Maudlin, Benjamin Maudlin, John Maudlin, Jonie Meadow, Jason Jr. Meadow, Jason Sr. Melon, Thomas Melton, Jeremiah Mercer, Forester Merns, Thomas Merree, John II Merrill, Benjamin Messer, Captain Miles, Charles Miles, John Sr. Miles, John Jr. Miles, Thomas Miller, Jero Mills, John Mims, John Mims, Thomas Mims, William Mitchell, William Moffitt, James Mofitt, William Montgomery, Captain Moon, Thomas Moore, Edward Moore, Thomas Moorman, Bennakia Moorman, Thomas Morgan, Goin C. Morgan, John Morgan, James Morgan, Ruddy Morgan, Solomon Morris, Edward Morris, John Morris, Joseph Morris, William Sr. Morris, William Jr. Morrow, William Moses, Adam Muchecenes, Larence Mullen, Patrick Murphy, John Murphy, John Murray, James Nanit, George Nation, Christopher Needham, Thomas Needham, William Nelson, Dennis Sr. Nelson, Dennis Jr. Nelson, Thomas Newberry, William Noe, John Norton, William Odle, Nehemiah Oliver, James O'Neal, John Owens, Stephen Paine, William Par, John Park, Joseph Parks, Samuel Parsons, George Paterson, John Paygee, John Payne, William Pelyou, Abraham Penton, John Person, Thomas Phelps, David Phipps, John Phipps, Joseph Pickett, Edward Piecock, Stephen Pickral, Henry Piles, John Pilgrim, Amos Pleourt, John Polk, Thomas Pooey, Francis Pooey, Umfrey Porter, James Poston, Jonathan Poston, J. Jr. Powell, Nathaniel Preslar, Thomas Preslie, John Prestwood, Augustine Pryor, John Pugh, Enoch Pugh, James Pugh, Jesse Pugh, John Pugh, Thomas Raiford, Matthew Jr. Raiford, Matthew Sr. Raines, John Ramsay, James Ramsay, John Ramsouer, Michael Raney, William Ranetalor, Thomas Rankin, William Ratcliff, Elisha R. Ratcliff, Sam Jr. Ratcliff, Samuel Ray, Samuel Rennolds, Peth Richardson, Sam Richardson, Joseph Richerson, Peter Riddle, thomas Roberson, Thomas Robertson, James Robeson, William Robins, James Robinson, Charles Robinson, Luke Rogers, Hyram Rogers, Jacob Robinson, Tirey Rogers, Josiah Rogers, Sion Rogers, William Roles, Damsey Rollins, Drury Round, James Routh, Joseph Rudd, Burlingham Ruine, David Rushen, Mark Ryle, John Ryan, John Sally, George A. Sanders, David Sanders, James Sanders, Thomas E. Sanders, William Sanderson, Reuben Sands, Richard Sappenfield, Matthias Sounders, Patrick Saxon, Benjamin Saxon, Charles Schwenck, Matthew Searcy, Reuben Self, Job Sellars, Thomas Senderman, Henry Shaw, Philip Jr. Shaw, Philip Sr. Shepherd, John Shoemaker, Conrad Shor, John Short, Daniel Short, James Short, William Sidden, William Sidewell, John Sike, Christian Simmons, John Sims, George Sitton, Philip Skin, Samuel Skinner, John Skipper, Barnabee Skipper, George Slaughter, Owen Smith, Abner Smith, Alexander Smith, Benjamin Smith, Charles Smith, Daniel Smith, David Smith, David Smith, Edward Smith, Francois Smith, Henry Smith, John Smith, John Smith, Moses Smith, Peter Smith, Richard Smith, Robert Smith, Will Smith, Zachariah Snider, John Sondhill, John S. Soots, Jacob Southerland, Raleigh Soewll, Charles S. Sowel, John Sowell, Sam Sowel, Lewis Sowel, William Spinks, William Springfellow, William Stewart, James Stewart, John Stinkberry, John Stinton, Eron Stokes, Henry Stollie, Jacob Strader, Henry Stringer, John Strongfellow, William Stroud, Abraham Suggs, John T. Sutton, John Sweany, James Sweany, Joseph Swearington, Van Swearinger, Samuel Swearinger, Thomas Swearinger, Thomas Swift, Thomas Swing, Barnet Swing, Lodwick Swor, John Jr. Swor, John Sr. Swor, Jonathan Jr. Tallant, Moses M. Tallant, Thomas Tapley, Hosea Taylor, thomas Teague, Abraham Teague, Edward Teague, Elijah Teague, John Teague, Joshua Teague, Moses Teague, William Telfair, Jacob Temply, Frederick Thomas, John Thomas, Samuel Thomas, Zekial Thompson, Elisha Thompson, John Thompson, Robert Thompson, Samuel Thompson, William Thorn, Robert Thornsbury, Edward Thornsbury, William Thornton, Abraham Thornton, Thomas Thorton, David Thredhill, William Tomlinson, Turner Tomson, William Tonenberg, Samuel Torrance, John Touchberry, John Tree, Thomas Treneen, William Trull, Thomas Tukins, Timothy Turner, Jonathan Tynor, William Upton, James Ussery, Thomas Ussery, Welcome Ussery, William Vernon, Amos Vickory, John Vickory, Marmaduke Vonstraver, Peter Wade, Henry Wagner, Samuel Wainscott, Isaac Walker, John Walker, Silvanus Walker, William Walkers, Robert Walkinford, Charles Wallas, Jesse Waller, Thomas Walsh, Walter Ward, William Jr. Ward, William Sr. Warse, Hysom Watson, Jacob Watson, William Jr. Watts, John Watts, Malachi Webb, Beaty Webb, John Webb, Joseph Webb, Leonard Webb, Richard Webb, Robert Webb, William Wed, John Welch, Henry Welch, Walter Wellborn, Thomas Whit, Ulrich White, Augustine White, Charles White, James White, James White, John White, Joseph White, William Whitt, Jacob Wilbourne, Thomas Wilcox, John Wilkerson, James Sr. Wilkins, Alexander Wilkins, John Wilkins, Robert Wilkins, William Willet, James Williams, Eshmael Williams, James William, John Williams, John Williams, Nehemiah Williams, Samuel Williams, Solomon Williams, Theofilis Wills, James Wilson, George Wilson, James Wilson, John Wilson, Thomas Wineham, Richard Winkler, John Winter, Daniel Wood, Nathaniel Wood, Robert Woodward, Reuben Woody, Robert Word, Thomas Wren, Prusley Wright, Philbert Wright, Thomas Wyley, Hugh Yeamons, Stokey York, Robinson York, Seymour Youngblood, John Younger, James


What was the US governments Office of Indian Affairs responsible for doing?

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the US Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km2) of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American Tribes and Alaska Natives.The Bureau of Indian Affairs is one of two bureaus under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs: the Bureau of Indian Affairs and theBureau of Indian Education, which provides education services to approximately 48,000 Native Americans.The BIA's responsibilities once included providing health care services to American Indians and Alaska Natives. In 1954, that function was legislatively transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, now known as the Department of Health and Human Services, where it has remained to this day as the Indian Health Service (IHS).Contents[hide] 1 Organization2 History2.1 20th century3 Legal issues3.1 Employee overtime3.2 Trust assets4 Mission5 Commissioners and Assistant Secretaries6 See also7 References8 Additional reading8.1 Primary sources9 External links[edit]OrganizationLocated at 1849 C Street, N.W. in Washington, D.C., since May 22, 2009, the BIA is headed by an Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs. The current appointee is Larry EchoHawk, an enrolled member of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma.The BIA serves the 566 federally recognized tribes through four offices:The Office of Indian Services - operates the BIA's general assistance, disaster relief, Indian child welfare, tribal government, Indian Self-Determination, and Indian Reservation Roads Program.The Office of Justice Services - directly operates or funds law enforcement, tribal courts, and detention facilities on federal Indian lands. OJS funded 208 law enforcement agencies, consisting of 43 BIA-operated police agencies, and 165 tribally operated agencies under contract, or compact with the OJS. The office has seven areas of activity: Criminal Investigations and Police Services, Detention/Corrections, Inspection/Internal Affairs, Tribal Law Enforcement and Special Initiatives, the Indian Police Academy, Tribal Justice Support, and Program Management. The OJS also provides oversight and technical assistance to tribal law enforcement programs when and where requested. It operates four divisions: Corrections, Drug Enforcement, the Indian Police Academy, and Law Enforcement[1]The Office of Trust Services - works with tribes and individual American Indians and Alaska Natives in the management of their trust lands, assets, and resources.The Office of Field Operations - oversees 12 regional offices; Alaska, Great Plains, Northwest, Southern Plains, Eastern, Navajo, Pacific, Southwest, Eastern Oklahoma, Midwest, Rocky Mountain, and Western; and 83 agencies, which carry out the mission of the Bureau at the tribal level.[edit]HistoryCato Sells, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 19131940 Indians at Work magazine, published by the Office of Indian Affairs, predecessor agency to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.First called the Office of Indian Affairs, the agency was created as a division in 1824 within the War Department. Similar agencies had existed in the U.S. government since 1775, when the Second Continental Congress created a trio of Indian-related agencies. Benjamin Franklin and Patrick Henry were appointed among the early commissioners to negotiate treaties with Native Americans to obtain their neutrality during the American Revolutionary War.In 1789, the United States Congress placed Native American relations within the newly formed War Department. By 1806, the Congress had created a Superintendent of Indian Trade, within the War Department, who was charged with maintaining the factory trading network of the fur trade. The post was held by Thomas L. McKenney from 1816 until the abolition of the factory system in 1822.The government licensed traders to have some control in Indian territories and gain a share of the lucrative trade. In 1832 Congress established the position of Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In 1869, Ely Samuel Parker was the first Native American to be appointed as commissioner of Indian affairs.The abolition of the factory system left a vacuum within the U.S. government regarding Native American relations. The current Bureau of Indian Affairs was formed on March 11, 1824, by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, who created the agency as a division within his department, without authorization from theUnited States Congress. He appointed McKenney as the first head of the office, which went by several names. McKenney preferred to call it the "Indian Office", whereas the current name was preferred by Calhoun.In 1849 Indian Affairs was transferred to the Department of the Interior. The bureau was renamed as Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in 1947 (from the original Office of Indian Affairs). The Bureau of Indian Affairs has been involved in many controversial policies. One of the most controversial was the late nineteenth-early twentieth century decision to educate native children in separate boarding schools, with an emphasis on assimilation that prohibited them from using their indigenous languages, practices, and cultures. It emphasized being educated to European-American culture.[2]Some were beaten for praying to their own creator god.[3][edit]20th centuryWith the rise of American Indian activism in the 1960s and 1970s, and increasing demands for enforcement of treaty rights and sovereignty, the 1970s were a particularly turbulent period of BIA history.[4]The rise of activist groups such as the American Indian Movement worried the U.S. Government; the FBI responded both overtly and covertly (by creating COINTELPRO and other programs) to suppress possible uprisings among native peoples.[5][6][7]As a branch of the U.S. government with personnel on Indian reservations, BIA police were involved in political actions such as: the occupation of BIA headquarters in Washington, D.C. in 1972; the Wounded Knee Incident of 1973, where activists at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation occupied land for more than two months;[8]and the Pine Ridge shootout (for which Leonard Peltier was convicted of killing two FBI agents).[9]The BIA was implicated in supporting controversial tribal presidents, notably Dick Wilson, who was charged with being authoritarian; using tribal funds for a private paramilitary force, the Guardians of the Oglala Nation (or "GOON squad"), which he employed against opponents; intimidation of voters in the 1974 election; misappropriation of funds, and other misdeeds. [10] Many native peoples continue to oppose policies of the BIA, particularly problems in enforcing treaties, and handling records and income for trust lands.On November 3, a group of around 500 American Indians with the American Indian Movement (AIM) took over the (BIA) building in Washington, D.C., the culmination of their Trail of Broken Treaties walk. They intended to bring attention to American Indian issues, including their demands for renewed negotiation of treaties, enforcement of treaty rights and improvement in living standards. They occupied the Department of Interior headquarters from November 3 to November 9, 1972.[11]Feeling the government was ignoring them, the protesters vandalized the building. After a week, the protesters left, having caused $700,000 in damages. Many records were lost, destroyed or stolen, including irreplaceable treaties, deeds, and water rights records, which some Indian officials said could set the tribes back 50 to 100 years. [2] [3][edit]Legal issues[edit]Employee overtimeThe Bureau of Indian Affairs has been sued four times in class action overtime lawsuits brought by the Federation of Indian Service Employees,[12]a union which represents the federal civilian employees of BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs), BIE (Bureau of Indian Education), AS-IA (Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs) and OST (Office of the Special Trustee for Indian Affairs). The Union is represented by the Law Offices of Snider & Associates, LLC,[13]which concentrates in FLSA overtime class actions against the Federal Government and other large employers. The Grievances allege widespread violations of the FLSA [14] and claims tens of millions of dollars in damages.[edit]Trust assetsCobell vs. Salazar, a major class action case related to trust lands, was settled in December 2009. The suit was filed against the US Department of Interior, of which BIA is part. A major responsibility has been the management of the Indian trust accounts. This was a class-action lawsuit regarding the federal government's management and accounting of more than 300,000 individual American Indian and Alaska Native trust accounts. A settlement fund totaling $1.4 billion is to be distributed to class members. This is to compensate for claims that prior U.S. officials had mismanaged the administration of Indian trust assets. In addition, the settlement establishes a $2 billion fund enabling federally recognized tribes to voluntarily buy-back and consolidate fractionated land interests.[15][edit]MissionThe Bureau is currently trying to evolve from a supervisory to an advisory role; however, this has been a difficult task as the BIA is remembered by many Native Americans as playing a police role in which the U.S. government historically dictated to tribes and their members what they could and could not do in accordance with treaties signed by both.[16][edit]Commissioners and Assistant SecretariesCommissioners of Indian Affairs[17]Heads of the Bureau of Indian Affairs1824-1830 Thomas L. McKenney1830-1831 Samuel S. HamiltonCommissioners of Indian Affairs1832-1836 Elbert Herring1836-1838 Carey A. Harris1838-1845 Thomas Hartley Crawford1845-1849 William Medill1849-1850 Orlando Brown1850-1853 Luke Lea1853-1857 George Washington Manypenny1857-1858 James W. Denver1858-1858 Charles E. Mix1858-1859 James W. Denver1859-1861 Alfred B. Greenwood1861-1865 William P. Dole1865-1866 Dennis N. Cooley1866-1867 Lewis V. Bogy1867-1869 Nathaniel G. Taylor1869-1871 Ely S. Parker1871-1872 Francis A. Walker1873-1875 Edward Parmelee Smith1875-1877 John Q. Smith1877-1880 Ezra A. Hayt1880-1881 Rowland E. Trowbridge1881-1885 Hiram Price1885-1888 John D.C. Atkins1888-1889 John H. Oberly1889-1893 Thomas Jefferson Morgan1893-1897 Daniel M. Browning1897-1904 William A. Jones1904-1909 Francis E. Leupp1909-1913 Robert G. Valentine1913-1921 Cato Sells1921-1929 Charles H. Burke1929-1933 Charles J. Rhoads1933-1945 John Collier1945-1948 William A. Brophy1948-1949 William R. Zimmerman (acting)1949-1950 John R. Nichols1950-1953 Dillon S. Myer1953-1961 Glenn L. Emmons1961-1966 Philleo Nash1966-1969 Robert L. Bennett1969-1972 Louis R. Bruce1973-1976 Morris Thompson1976-1977 Dr. Benjamin ReifelAssistant Secretaries of the Interior for Indian Affairs[17]1977-1978 Forrest Gerard1979-1981 William E. Hallett1981-1984 Kenneth L. Smith1985-1989 Ross Swimmer1989-1993 Eddie Frank Brown1993-1997 Ada E. Deer1997-2001 Kevin Gover2001-2001 James H. McDivitt (acting)2001-2003 Neal A. McCaleb2003-2004 Aurene M. Martin (acting)2004-2005 Dave Anderson2005-2007 Jim Cason (acting)2007-2008 Carl J. Artman2008-2009 George T. Skibine (acting)2009-present Larry EchoHawk


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Caleb Ely's birth name is Caleb Daniel Ely.


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Melvin Ely's birth name is Melvin Anderson Ely.