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The lack of a Philippine representative in the Spanish Cortes during the Spanish colonial period was due to the Philippines being considered a distant colony with limited political rights and representation. The Spanish authorities governed the Philippines directly through appointed officials, and decisions regarding the colony were made by the Spanish government without direct input from Philippine representatives.
The Cortes is the most important representative body in Spain. It is made of up 350 elected members that make laws.
Filipino patriots initiated the reform movement in the Philippines in response to the oppressive Spanish colonial rule. They aimed to seek political and social reforms, such as representation in the Spanish Cortes and equal treatment under the law. The movement laid the groundwork for the eventual struggle for Philippine independence.
Jose Rizal demanded various reforms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, including equal rights for Filipinos, secularization of the clergy, representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes, and improved education for Filipinos. Rizal also called for an end to forced labor and discrimination against Filipinos.
Having a Philippine representative in the Spanish Cortes was important because it gave the Philippines a voice in the Spanish government, allowing them to address issues directly impacting their country. It also provided an opportunity for Filipinos to push for reforms and advocate for their rights within the Spanish colonial system.
The first Spanish city established in the Philippines was Cebu City in 1565 by Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi. Cebu City became the starting point for Spanish expeditions to other parts of the Philippines.
Cortes
No, the Cortes Generales rejected the Treaty as did the Prime Minister. The Queen Regent signed it and that made it legal under the Spanish Constitution.
The illustrados in Europe undertook the propaganda movement to advocate for political reforms in the Philippines, such as representation in the Spanish Cortes and equal rights for Filipinos. They also aimed to raise awareness about the social injustices and lack of opportunities facing Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule.
It's because they dont want the Filipinos to complain about their corrupt colonial officials.
The Propaganda Movement focused their efforts in Spain because they believed that influencing Spanish public opinion and government policies was the most effective way to enact reform in the Philippines. They aimed to secure Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes to push for changes in the colonial administration. Additionally, they faced strict censorship laws and limited political freedoms in the Philippines, making it challenging to advocate for reform within the colony.
Jose Rizal advocated for political reforms in the Philippines during Spanish colonial rule. He called for representation in the Spanish Cortes (Parliament), equal rights and treatment for Filipinos, and an end to discrimination and abuses by the colonial authorities. Rizal's political reform ideas aimed to promote social justice, education, and progress for the Filipino people.