At the end of World War II, the Allies fought the Germans on two fronts. The Coalition of forces lead by the United States from the West, and The Russians from the East. They met in Berlin in defeat of Nazi Germany, thus ending the war in Europe. With most of Europe in ruins, it was inevitable that both the United States and Russia reposition their stance to rebuild the ravaged continent. Russians were fearful of future attacks from Europe so it was agreed they would govern the countries in Eastern Europe, assist in their rebuilding, and establish communistic governments that would align with them thus creating a buffer zone. Germany itself represented this boundary, with the United States taking West Germany, and the Russians East Germany. These events directly lead to the cold war boundary represented by the Berlin Wall dividing not only people but the ideology of Communism and Democracy.
Stalin did not keep his promise to hold elections in eastern Europe.
Poland
Poland is the first nation to hold free democratic elections in Eastern Europe in over 50 years. The Round Table Agreements that they signed allowed them to do this.
The significance of Solidarity in Poland for the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe was that the Polish citizens' incooperation made it so that the USSR had to negotiate for its rule in the country,when before it had unconditional rule and therefore had no reason to change its policies. The union forced the Soviets to compromise and bend- which weakened its hold on first Poland and then the other countries in which it had a strong hand in the government.
poland
Actually the "iron curtain" did not "tighten the soviet hold". The term "iron curtain" was a fictitious symbolic name used by Winston Churchill to describe the hold the Russians had over the Eastern Bloc. The hold the soviets had over eastern Europe was already tight before the term became popular.
secure a toe hold in Europe to free all of Europe
Independent nation states developed later in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe because Eastern Europe had little history of self-rule. It had been conquered by Hitler, then the Soviet Union.
poland
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin . novanet
To Hold free elections and determine their futures :)