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The system of ISI was initially a desperate attempt by nations to succeed despite the depression constricting demand for most Latin American exports; at first, this industrialization created jobs, industrialized the region, and made Latin America more self sufficient. As ISI created a great deal of exports, there was an unfair bias towards the export sector, taxing them a great deal of money due to revenues. This led to little reinvestment in the region, and in turn less growth. ISI required a great amount of imports for the inputs of industry, so a trade defecit occured.

In addition to this, the industries created were incredibly inefficient, and the overvalued exchange rate/inflation plauged the countries all throughout the second phase of ISI. Latin America had to borrow billions to continue to produce, and financed this debt abroad. Once Latin America faced economic crisis, it was the IMF, Washington Consensus, and other nation-states that bailed the country out, at the cost of reform (privitization, trade liberalization, financial liberalization, deregulation, etc).

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