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The US was the strongest sea power in the Pacific, and had begun to restrict Japan's access to resources that they needed to continue their conquest of the Western Pacific and East Asia (their empire or "co-prosperity sphere").

Before Japan could attack the US territory of the Philippines, and areas protected by the British, they had to reduce American sea power. They hoped to sink US battleships and aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, and then take Midway. For various reasons, this did not succeed, and the attack drew the US directly into war with Japan and Germany, leading to the defeat of both.

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