Jews were forced out by armed invaders. The Babylonians invaded, sacked Jerusalem, and forced Jews into exile. Some stayed in Babylon while others returned from exile. The Roman Empire sacked Jerusalem and forced Jews into exile and slavery, and did not allow Jews to return to Jerusalem until the Islamic conquest, when some returned. The Crusaders slaughtered essentially all of the Jews of Jerusalem, driving many Jewish refugees from the Crusader kingdoms. After the Crusaders were defeated, some Jews returned.
Israel.
Israel is the Jewish homeland. It is where the Jews originated from.
the Holy Land did not spread. If anything, it has shrunk since ancient times.
The Romans
Diaspora
The conquering of the Holy Land by the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Greeks and the Romans.
Reb Saunders believes, like a number of Orthodox Jews, that the Galut (the Exile from the Holy Land) was a divine act of punishment because Jews had violated the commandments that God had given them. When God believed that the Jewish people had repented and were ready for the Messiah, this Messiah would come and bring the Jews back to the Holy Land. Until that time, Jews will remain in exile. They see a Return to the Holy Land as being an act of blasphemy because Jews should wait for God to bring them into the Holy Land and not to physically move there of their own free will.
Jesus did not lead the Jews to freedom. The Romans went on to destroy the Holy Temple and expel the Jews from the land.
Diaspora. It refers to the emigration of the Jews into areas outside Palestine.
God directed the Jews, who were led by Moses and Joshua.
The Christians wanted to release the holy land (Jerusalem) from the Jews.
Christians, Jews, and Muslims