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Frederick William IV of Prussia was king of Prussia during the Revolutions of 1848, often nicknamed the "Spring of Nations". During the revolution, a German parliament started up and tried to work out a deal to unify Germany into a single country- at that time, Germany was divided into many small countries.

The Parliament decided to offer Frederick William the role of emperor of the newly unified Germany- and he flatly refused it. He reportedly claimed he did not want "a crown from the gutter", meaning a crown offered to him by the common people.

He was old fashioned, and he wanted to see a revival of the traditions of the defunct Holy Roman Empire (HRE) that had ruled Germany for a thousand years. One of the main traditions of the HRE was that the emperor was elected by a group of "prince-electors", powerful nobles who ruled parts of the empire; the common people had no say in the matter.

This is also why in 1870, Frederick William's successor, his brother William I, was offered the throne by the King of Bavaria, Ludwig II. By that point, most of Germany was controlled, one way or another, by Prussia anyway, and Ludwig's "Kaiserbrief" ("Emperor letter") was a formality.

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Q: Why did the king of Prussia refuse to accept the crown of a unified Germany in 1849?
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