Shabbat has always been important to us Jews.
The Exile of Jews from palestine is known as the Diaspora
It put an end to the monarchy, to the false prophets (who had predicted that there would be no exile) and to the dabbling in idolatry.
The Babylonians drove the Jews into their first exile. The Romans were the ones who caused the second and current exile period.
It depends on the exile in question. Most Jews that wanted to returned to Land of Israel after the exile in Babylonia on account of Cyrus the Great. Many Jews have returned to Israel in the last 150 years from the Roman Exiling of the Jews nearly 2000 years ago. However, not all Jews have returned home after exile in both cases.
Galut; exile; diaspora.
Diaspora.
Cyrus
The Babylonians.
it ended in 1944
Jews in Europe Chinese in China
God was with them if they believed in him. In the modern era, most Jewish leaders believe that Jews are in Exile and subject to persecution explicitly because of the Jews' violation of this covenant.
Titus led the attack on Israel that eventually destroyed Jerusalem and caused the Jews to be sent into exile for 1,878 years.