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Astute question.

In Israel, Jews celebrate only one seder.

This is because of a difference in Jewish law between Israel and the rest of world. In Ancient Days, the Jewish calendar - and hence time of Passover, and all Jewish Holidays - Rosh HaShana, Yom Kippur, Sukkot etc. - were based upon the lunar observations of the Supreme Rabbinic Body of the Age - the Sanhedrin, made up of 70 Sages. They would decide upon the witnessing of the new moon, and declare a new month. Sometimes the month had only 29 days. Sometimes 30. If the night was cloudy beforehand - and the moon had not been seen, even though it was there, the month would start the next night.

Immediately, messengers would be dispatched throughout the Jewish world. The new month had begun! The Mishnah discusses a complex system of hilltops and torches by with the messages would get about.

But Jews in the Diaspora were at a loss - though Passover was celebrated the night of the 15th day of the Month of Nissan, they would not have yet received word from Jerusalem. What to do? Did the previous month contain 29 or 30 days? And hence - was tonight the 14th day of the month - if the previous month contained 30 days - or was tonight the 15th - if the previous month contained 29 days?

Hence, the Rabbis made an enactment - Jews in the Diaspora would keep both "sets" of Holidays - including Passover, and celebrate two seders. Hence, no matter when the calendar would have ended up they would have either kept the 14th and 15th or the 15th and 16th.

So today, Jews in Israel keep the original custom, and celebrate one seder. And Jews in the Diaspora celebrate two, even though today we have a set Calendar, they still keep the original enactment of the Rabbis

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14y ago
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12y ago

Most religious people make a Passover Seder on the first two nights of Passover, which is 7-8 days long. (It is 7 days in Israel and 8 days in the Diaspora.) It is not necessary to follow this custom in more liberal Jewish circles.

There are not two separate Passover celebrations that are unlinked in the way that Rosh Hodesh occurs every month with non-holiday time between the celebrations.

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7y ago

Orthodox and Conservative Jews do that.

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Q: Why do Jews do passover twice?
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