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The relationship between evolutionary time and the similarity of genes in two species?
The longer the evolutionary time between two species, the more dissimilar their genes are likely to be due to accumulating mutations. Conversely, species that share a more recent common ancestor are expected to have more similar genes because they have had less time to diverge through evolution.
What can accumulate over successive generations to contribute to biological diversity?
Various mutations that occur over many, many generations will lead to different species. This is called speciation.
DNA for certain proteins such as cytochrome is more similar in closely related species than it is in species that are less closely related why?
This is because closely related species share a more recent common ancestor, leading to a more recent divergence in their DNA sequences. As species diverge over time, accumulation of genetic mutations cause differences in their DNA. Therefore, closely related species have had less time for genetic mutations to accumulate, resulting in more similar DNA sequences for certain proteins like cytochrome.
How do isolation and natural selection result in new species?
Isolation prevents mating between the populations and in time different mutations will accumulate in each population so much that they will no longer be able to mate. The inability to interbreed is one of the definitions of different species.
Why are only neutral mutations useful for molecular clocks?
Neutral mutations are the most reliable for molecular clocks because they accumulate in the genome at a relatively constant rate over time. This allows researchers to estimate the time since species divergence or the timing of evolutionary events. Non-neutral mutations can interfere with these estimates by being under selective pressure, which can lead to inconsistencies in the molecular clock calculations.
What does a molecular clock measure.?
A molecular clock measures the rate at which genetic mutations accumulate in a species over time. By comparing differences in genetic sequences, scientists can estimate how long ago different species diverged from a common ancestor.
True or false the more closely related species arethe more similar their DNA sequences?
True. Generally, the more closely related species are, the more similar their DNA sequences tend to be due to shared ancestry. As species diverge over time, genetic mutations accumulate, leading to differences in their DNA. Therefore, examining DNA sequences can help scientists determine evolutionary relationships among species.
On what concept does the molecular clock rely?
The molecular clock relies on the idea that mutations in DNA accumulate at a relatively constant rate over time. By analyzing these mutations, scientists can estimate the time at which different species diverged from a common ancestor.
How does DNA provide evidence that species may be changing over time?
DNA provides evidence of species changing over time through the process of genetic mutations. These mutations can accumulate in a population over generations, leading to variations in the DNA sequences of individuals within that population. By comparing the DNA of different individuals or populations, scientists can track these changes and infer how species have evolved and diversified over time.
How can a new species from?
To put it simply, new species can form when organisms within a population become so genetically different they can no longer reproduce with one another without generating harmful mutations. This can be caused by genetic drift and geographic isolation. Two populations of the same species who live in different parts of the world will diverge and go on separate genetic paths, until eventually the two populations become genetically different and branch off into two different species.
How do different species come about?
Different species come about through the process of evolution, where genetic variations arise and those that provide a selective advantage are passed on to future generations. Over time, these variations can accumulate and lead to the development of new species with distinct characteristics and adaptations. This process is driven by changes in the environment, genetic mutations, and natural selection.
How does helpful variation accumulate in a species?
*Variation appears mainly due to mutations and it accumulates via natural selection.* Re check this answer, its not answering it! I had hw. on it and it was wrong. Change it.
