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Why do the two electrons in an electron pair need to have different spins to remain in the same orbital?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
If they had like spins they would fly apart.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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What happens when a lithium atoms has lost an electron comes near a chlorine atom that has gained an electron?
The compound lithium chloride (LiCl) is formed.
Which subatomic particle determines the chemical activity of an atom?
The electrons control the chemical properties of an atom. More specifically, the outer electrons, or valence electrons, are involved in bonding, and they determine the chemical properties of an atom.
What is the reason that the atom wants to kept 8 electron in their outermost orbit?
First of all, ''orbit'' is not the right word.You mean shell.The shells are divided into blocks and the blocks are divided into orbitals in which the electrons are situated. An outermost shell which may contain maximum number of 8 electrons is normally composed of 2 blocks - the s block with 1 orbital and p block with 3 orbitals.As a rule every orbital may contain maximum number of 2 electrons so such shell with these 2 blocks would contain maximum number of 8 electrons. When all these 8 electrons have filled all of the outermost p and s orbitals of an atom, the energy of such system is at its lowest value.And as a rule the atoms are trying to do this because when the energy is in its lowest value they are in their most stable condition.If the electrons were 7 for instance one orbital would remain have filled which would raise the energy and the condition would be less stable. The outermost shell of the noble gases is filled with the maximum number of electrons - its p orbital posses 6 and its s - 2 electrons which gives 8.That's why these gases are inert.They don't need to remove or gain electrons because this would raise the energy and the stability is going to be damaged.
How many electrons would polonium lose to become stable?
Atoms become chemically neutral with either 2 or 8 electrons in the outermost orbital. Polonium would lose 2 electrons to become chemically neutral. Because Polonium is radioactive it will remain unstable until gains two in Atomic Number to resemble the configuration of Lead.
How can the concentration of electrons and holes remain constant at a particular temperature?
The holes and electrons, together, can be found particularly in tetravalent elements like Si and Ge. It is experimentally verified that at -2730K temperature, that is at absolute zero temperature, such elements behave like a perfect insulators. Now when temperature increases, some of the valence electrons escape into conduction band, producing a vacancy at their respective places. These vacancies are known as holes. Thus the number of hole-electron pairs always remain constant. Thus the concentration of electrons and holes remain constant at any temperature.
How does an element like sodium give up electrons and thereby become more stable?
Atoms want their valence orbitals to be completely filled with electrons. In the case of a sodium atom, there is only 1 electron in its outer orbital. Since sodium has electrons occupying all the molecular orbitals of the previous n shell, it is much easier to just give up the electron and form a complete orbital rather than obtain 7 more electrons to complete the orbital. In addition this would require the ion be a charge of negative 7 which is highly unstable in its own right. In the case of lithium hydrogen and helium, 2 electrons may fill the 1s orbital which is considered to be a full valence shell, lithium will lose an electron to gain the full 1s which hydrogen will gain an electron to fill its 1s orbital and helium will remain inert with the already required 2 electrons filling its 1s orbital.
What happens when an electron emits a photon?
When an electron absorbs a photon, the energy it gains can cause it to change orbitals. The result is ionization. The electron can then emit a photon in the process of "falling back" into its original orbit. Note that electrons won't absorb a photon that cannot give them enough energy to reach a higher orbital. There are no "half measures" in this aspect of quantum mechanics as electrons cannot be shifted "half way" to the next higher orbital. The proof of the pudding here is that we can use lasers of a given frequency to stimulate the electrons in orbit around given atoms. By knowing how much energy a certain electron needs to move to the next higher orbital, we can tune our laser to that photonic energy. Then when we point our laser at a bunch of these atoms, we'll see a bunch of electrons being kicked up to higher orbitals and then emitting photons to return to their previous orbital. There is a bit more to this, but the essentials are here, and are a first step to understanding the subtle ways photons and electrons interact.
Why can metals conduct electricity but remain unchanged?
Only the free valence electrons forming the electron "gas" move and as many move in as move out. Only metals form this electron "gas".
What happens when a lithium atoms has lost an electron comes near a chlorine atom that has gained an electron?
The compound lithium chloride (LiCl) is formed.
Which subatomic particle determines the chemical activity of an atom?
The electrons control the chemical properties of an atom. More specifically, the outer electrons, or valence electrons, are involved in bonding, and they determine the chemical properties of an atom.
What causes the sheilding effect to remain constant across a period?
Electron shielding is not a factor across a period because they all have the same number of electron shells! No further (extra) shells means that they are all affected by electron shielding equally.
What is the different isotopes of an atom retain the properties of the atom?
Because the number of protons and electrons remain unchanged.
What is the reason that the atom wants to kept 8 electron in their outermost orbit?
First of all, ''orbit'' is not the right word.You mean shell.The shells are divided into blocks and the blocks are divided into orbitals in which the electrons are situated. An outermost shell which may contain maximum number of 8 electrons is normally composed of 2 blocks - the s block with 1 orbital and p block with 3 orbitals.As a rule every orbital may contain maximum number of 2 electrons so such shell with these 2 blocks would contain maximum number of 8 electrons. When all these 8 electrons have filled all of the outermost p and s orbitals of an atom, the energy of such system is at its lowest value.And as a rule the atoms are trying to do this because when the energy is in its lowest value they are in their most stable condition.If the electrons were 7 for instance one orbital would remain have filled which would raise the energy and the condition would be less stable. The outermost shell of the noble gases is filled with the maximum number of electrons - its p orbital posses 6 and its s - 2 electrons which gives 8.That's why these gases are inert.They don't need to remove or gain electrons because this would raise the energy and the stability is going to be damaged.
How does tendency to lose electrons vary in a group and why?
Though the no. of valence electrons remain same in a group,but the distance between the nucleus and outermost shell increases as we move down the group and hence lesser energy is required to release the valence electron.
When moving down a group ( family) in the periodic table the number of valence electrons?
When moving down a group, the number of valence electrons do not change. This similarity yields the elements in the same groups to have same chemical properties. For example, elements in group 17 obtain one electron to stabilize as -1 ion.In a group, all the elements have a same number of valence electrons. So their chemical properties are equal. But the physical properties vary.Valence electrons are the electrons in outermost shell.The valence electrons remain same in a group. For example-Group-1 elements have 1 valence electron.
How many valence electrons does HBr have?
Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. Bromine has 7 valence electrons. When hydrogen and bromine react, the bromine atom 'steals' the hydrogen atom's only electron. The hydrogen atom then has no electrons and the bromine atom has 8 valence electrons. The two atoms are now ions because their number of protons does not equal their number of electrons. The bromine atom is now a bromide anion and the hydrogen atom is now a hydrogen cation (a proton). The two ions remain together, ionicly bonded and together are called hydrogen bromide.
Lone pair of electron?
Remember 1s2 2s2 2p6... If you draw an electron diagram(s 1 box, p3 boxes...) for an atom, you will find how many unpair electrons it has(unpaired electron:an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly, in the diagram, only 1 electron in a given box) Lone pair is the when you draw a bonding diagram, how many pairs the central atom has are how many pairs of lone pairs.
