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They were initially ruled by petty kings. However their aristocracies wanted power and replaced the kings with aristocratic councils.

The mass of the people tired of being exploited by the aristocrats and appointed tyrants to depose them and organise the states for all the landowners, not just the privileged few.

As the tyrants needed money to hire a strong bodyguard to protect themselves from assassination by the aristocrats, they had to levy taxes to hire the guards, and this made them unpopular with the mass of the people, and the tyrants were also deposed, some cities reverting to aristocracies, some experimenting with democracy.

After Macedonia became dominant, Alexander the great's successors divided the Greek world up amongst themselves, ruling their portion as kings. The wheel had turned full circle.

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