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The concentration of C02 in the lung is usual very low as the rate of inspiration and the exchange of volume between the lungs and the outside flushes the C02 into the air where it is a mere faction of a percent of the environmental gases. In the body however there is a constant metabolism that is producing C02. During hypoventilation the rate of exchange is insufficient to remove the C02 which is being produced faster than it is dissipated.
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What is the effects of an increase in PCO2?
Plasma pH will Decrease
Does breathing rate increase or decrease when arterial PCO2 increases?
increases
Is hypoxia a cardiac arrhthmia?
Hypoxia-->pCO2 increase-->chemoreceptors are stimulated-->VMC stimulated-->trachyarrythmia
Why is PCO2 decreased during rapid breathing?
Rapid breathing can lead to a condition called hyperventilation. Hyperventilation occurs when a person breaths more rapidly than the body demands. When a person hyperventilates, the CO2 blood concentration (partial pressure) decreases below normal levels.
How does respiration rate and depth adjust to counteract hypoventilation?
If you are experiencing hypoventilation, the way to combat it is by allowing large deep breaths. Hypoventilation can be a side effect of prescription or recreational drugs.
Is Alveolar PCO2 identical to atmospheric PCO2?
No, it is higher or the CO2 would not move out of the lungs.
What regulates activities?
pco2
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves?
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves extremely fast breathing.
The relative PO2 and PCO2 in pulmonary arteries and veins and systemic arteries and veins?
Pulmonary artery/Systemic veins PCO2 = 45 PO2 = 40 Pulmonary vein/Systemic arteries PCO2 = 40 PO2 = 100
When PCO2 declines bronchioles?
constrict
What type of membrane used in po2 and pco2 electrode?
Teflon is used for the membrane of pco2 electrodes as it allows for the diffusion of co2 but not ions.
How does exercise affect pO2 in the muscle cell?
Arterial po2 will not change because it's almost at maximum already. Venous po2 will decrease due to increased oxygen consumption by respiring muscle. Venous and arterial pCo2 will actually either stay the same or fall due to the increased ventilation stimulated by the increased Co2 production by respiring muscles. The increased pCO2 is detected by central and peripheral chemoreceptors and leads to increased ventilation, resulting in increased ventilation - causing pCo2 to remain normal or decrease. This mechanism cannot be used to explain the ventilation increase in light exercise because pCo2 hardly rises at all during light exercise, therefore the chemoreceptors may not be responsible for the mechanism resulting in increased ventilation,
