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Fire is a chemical reaction; it uses oxygen to turn one substance into another. If you cover it, it can't get any oxygen from the air, and so the chemical reaction stops and the fire goes out.

I borrowed the following equation from another online Q&A as an illustration. When propane (carbon and hydrogen) burns, it combines with oxygen to make carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen) and water (hydrogen and oxygen).

C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H20

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Q: Why does a candle turn off if you cover it?
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