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What is meant by physiological acidosis when the blood pH is between 7 and 7.35?
The normal ph of arterial blood is 7.4, that of venous blood and IF is 7.35, and that of ICF averages 7.0. The lower pH in cells and venous blood reflects their greater amounts of acidic metabolites and carbon dioxide, which combines with water to from carbonic acid, H2CO3. Whenever the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, a person is said to have alkalosis or alkalemia. A drop in arterial pH to below 7.35 results in acidosis or academia. Because pH 7.0 is neutral, chemically speaking 7.35 is not acidic. However, it is a higher-than -optimal H+ concentration for most cells, so any arterial pHbetween 7.35 and 7.0 is called physiological acidosis.
What are the three mechanisms that regulate the pH of body fluids?
1.Kidney excretion of H+2.Exhalation of CO2 3. Buffer systems1. The kidneys swap H+ for Na+ levels in the blood, controlled or in response to levels of H+, bicarbonate & partial pressure of CO2.2.When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water or blood, it forms carbonic acid, H2CO3. Exhalation of CO2 allows the blood near your lungs to reduce their acid content.3. Buffer SystemsBicarbonate Buffer SystemThe bicarbonate buffer system is a mixture of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and its salt, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, a weak base), in the same solution. Although it also buffers the ICF, it is the only important ECF buffer.Carbonic acid, a weak acid, does not dissociate to any great extent in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong acid such as HCl is added to this buffer system, the existing carbonic acid remains intact. However, the bicarbonate ions of the salt act as weak bases to tie up the H1 released by the stronger acid (HCl), forming more carbonic acid:HCl 1 NaHCO3 S H2CO3 1 NaCl strong acid weak base weak acid saltPhosphate Buffer SystemThe operation of the phosphate buffer system is nearly identical to that of the bicarbonate buffer. The components of the phosphate system are the sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO42) and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO422). NaH2PO4 acts as a weak acid. Na2HPO4, with one less hydrogen atom, acts as a weak base.Again, H1 released by strong acids is tied up in weak acids:HCl 1 Na2HPO4 S NaH2PO4 1 NaCl strong acid weak base weak acid saltProtein Buffer SystemProteins in plasma and in cells are the body's protein buffer sys-tem. In fact, at least three-quarters of all the buffering power ofbody fluids resides in cells, and most of this reflects the powerful buffering activity of intracellular proteins.As described in Chapter 2, proteins are polymers of amino acids. Some of the linked amino acids have exposed groups of atoms called carboxyl groups (---COOH), organic acid groups that release H1 when the pH begins to rise:R---COOH S R---COO2 1 H1(Note that R indicates the rest of the organic molecule, which contains many atoms.)Other amino acids have exposed groups that can act as bases and accept H1. For example, an exposed ---NH2 group can bind with a hydrogen ion, becoming---NH31:R---NH2 1 H1 S R---NH31
What happen When large amounts of pure water are consumed?
osmolarities of ECF and ICF decreases
What aprroximate osmolarity in ecf and icf?
300 mMol
How does the ecf vary from the icf?
In terms of location,ecf vary from the icf in that they are separated by the cell membranes. In terms of composition, the intracellular fluids are high in potassium and magnesium and low in sodium and chloride ions.
Are body fluids good conductors of current?
When a current is passed through the body, the water-containing fluids primarily conduct the electrical current. Water is found both inside the cells, intracellular fluid (ICF) and outside the cells, extracellular fluid (ECF). At low frequency, current passes through the ECF space and does not penetrate the cell membrane. At high frequencies however the current passes through both the ICF and ECF...
Why and how does the ECF differ from the ICF?
The acronym ECF stands for extracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid is the fluid outside of the cell in the human body.
What would happen if salt content of blood increases?
When the salt concentration in your blood rises, water is pulled from your Intracellular Fluid (ICF) into the blood or Extracellular Fluid (ECF). Increased fluids in the blood vessels stretches the blood vessels and causes increased Blood Pressure (BP). Increased BP induces a complicated protein cascade that leads to more salt and subsequently water being secreted from your kidneys. Secreting more water causes you to become dehydrated as your ICF and ECF re-equilibrate.
What amount of a persons total body water is plasma?
The body fluid is broken down into compartments, The ICF and the ECF. ICF is Intra-cellular fluid, which is the fluid inside the body's cells. This makes up 2/3 of your body's total fluid. ECF is is Extra-Cellular fluid, and found anywhere outside a cell. This makes up 1/3 of your body's total fluid amount. The ECF also contains the plasma which makes up about 1/3 of that, or roughly 3 Liters. The actual fluid levels are always changing depending on the situation, but the ratios remain constant.
What does the cell memberance do?
The cell membrane acts as a barrier between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF) allowing the cell to selectively control its internal environment so that it can carry out complicated biochemical reactions in a stable environment.
What happens when a blood cell is placed into a 1.5 percent salt solution?
It is because the salt in the salt water will absord the fresh water in the cell, dehydrating it and making it shrivel up. The red blood cell shrivels up because of the process of osmosis. Water flows from an area of high concentration to lower concentration. If there is a lot of solute (picture a bunch of particles in water) then the water has a low concentration and a high concentration of solute. The RBC is sitting in extra cellular fluid (ECF). Within the RBC is intracellular fluid (ICF). If there is a lot of salt in the ECF or water like your example this means the fluid has a low concentration. Therefore, water from the ICF of the red blood cell will go out into the ECF so that its osmolarity will equal the osmolarity of the ECF. When more fluid goes to the ECF it is increasing it's concentration relative to the NaCl particles. Cells do this to maintain equality and balance.
What ion plays the largest role in maintaining body fluid volume is?
Actually it is two: sodium and potassium because they and their regulators are so intertwined. But a very, very simple answer to your question, water always follows sodium. The principal ions in the ECF are sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. The ICF contains an abundance of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, plus large numbers of negatively charged proteins. Despite the differences in the concentration of specific substances, the osmotic concentrations of the ICF and ECF are identical. Osmosis eliminates minor differences in concentration almost at once, because most cell membranes are freely permeable to water. Sodium is the dominant cation in the ECF (Extra Cellular Fluid) Potassium is the dominant cation in the ICF (Inter Cellular Fluid). Two general rules concerning sodium balance and potassium balance are worth noting: The Most Common Problems with Electrolyte Balance Are Caused by an Imbalance between Gains and Losses of Sodium Ions. Problems with Potassium Balance Are Less Common, but Significantly More Dangerous than Are Those Related to Sodium Balance.
What are ICF walls?
ICF is your face!
What is ICF in biology?
Intracranial fluid. It is located between the brain and the skull.
