Those elements were (till now) not found
The number of electrons in the outermost orbital.
8 electrons. The second energy level (n=2) has 4 orbitals. One s orbital and three p orbitals. Each orbital can hold 2 electrons of opposite spin.
The element Lithium has a total of three electrons. The first two electrons would be placed in the 1s orbital. Then the third electron would be placed above the first two, in the 2s orbital. Because Lithium Ion has a +1 charge, one electron would be missing. So only the 1s orbital would be full.
Electrons enter the orbitals on the basis of increasing energy of sub-shells. Also, when an electron occupies an orbital another electron cannot occupy that orbital until all other orbitals of that sub-shell have atleast 1 electron.
Atomic number of sodium is 11. So 11 electrons are there. First K shell could accomodate only 2. Now next L would have place for 8. So totally 10 electrons are firmy placed in the first two shells. Now remaining 1 electron would be in the third orbit M, that too in the s orbital. So sodium has 1 as valency. If suppose 8 electrons were there in the M shell, then s orbital 2, p orbital 6. But d orbital would be filled only after 4s orbital is filled with two electrons. So 8 electrons in s and p would make it less chemically reactive.
because there are only 14 electrons in the f orbital
be cause electron gaining atom is placed far to the atom s nueclius so that it does NT attract that at all ,&it escapes from the outermost orbital..........
B
The electrons have different energy levels.
In the periodic table elements having valence electrons in the same orbital are said to be placed in the same block.There are four blocks in the periodic table s, p, d and f.
because it is a noble gas and has completely filled orbital (s orbital)
2 electrons