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Both practicality and aesthetics were reasons why Canberra ended up being established in a location closer to Sydney than Melbourne. It was decided by members of Parliament that the site for the national capital must have the following features:

  • It could not be on the coast, as this could render it vulnerable to enemy bombardment (the acquisition of land at Jervis Bay enabled a federal naval port to be established)
  • The climate needed to be "bracing", to ensure that politicians had clear minds to enhance the decision-making process
  • There could not already be any established urban development or industry
  • Access to enough water was, of course, vital
  • It should be an aesthetically pleasing site, and therefore preferably in an elevated position and surrounded by picturesque mountains

The Canberra-Yass site fitted all these criteria, as did the Dalgety site and Lake George. At the first ballot in 1904, the Dalgety site was chosen, but after a change of government, another ballot was held in 1908. In this ballot, the Canberra-Yass site won by six votes.

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Q: Why is Canberra closer to Sydney than Melbourne?
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