1. It is commanded in the Torah just like Shabbat
2. It shows love for the Torah
They're rejoicing over the Torah.
On Simchat Torah, there are special prayers and Torah-readings. Work is forbidden, and festive maels are held. It is customary to dance in the synagogue with the Torah scrolls.
For the same reasons as the other branches - the celebrate the completion of reading the Torah.
simchat Torah written - שמחת תורה usually celebrated in October/ end of September
Jews read the last chapter of Deuteronomy and the first chapter of Genesis. Afterward, people take turns singing and dancing while holding the Torah.
living according to the Torah, as much as we can.
The Torah is important to all Jews as it is the foundation of Judaism and contains the core guidelines that teach us how to live righteously.
This is not correct. The Torah is VERY important to Jewish people. It is the foundation of of Jewish life. The Jews believe it is a tree of life to all that cling to it.
The Jews; and to some extent, to everyone. The Ten Commandments, for example, come from the Torah (Exodus ch.20).
Because they're from God (Exodus 24:12).
No, you cannot. Judaism is defined by the Torah. Other factors such as the existence of the Temple or the geographical location of the Jews, are important but secondary to the Torah and its commands.
It depends on how the term is meant. "Torah Jews" can mean more than one thing. If the definition is: Those who live the laws of the Torah (which is the way the phrase "Torah Jews" is usually used), then it is understandably common to reserve that description for observant Jews. It is indeed customary today to call observant Jews "Torah Jews"; so the answer to the question is Yes. The word "Orthodox" is seen by many Torah Jews to be an exonym, i.e. a term applied to them by non-Orthodox, whereas they prefer the term "Torah Jews". If the definition is: Who is Jewish according to the Torah, then Torah Jews would include non-observant Jews, because they don't cease being Jewish. All Jews, regardless of levels of observance are "Torah Jews" since their Jewishness is derived from the Torah's mandates.