High carbon content causes metals (especially iron) to be brittle. reducing the carbon content in the metals enables them to be more flexible and stronger although it causes them to be softer.
direct reduction: FeO + C = Fe + CO indirect reduction FeO + CO = Fe + CO2 I don't think that is what the terminology 'direct reduction' means in this context. For a start most directly reduced iron (DRI) is produced using CO and H2 produced from natural gas. I think the correct meaning is that 'direct reduction' is called direct because it directly produces iron (as a solid sponge because iron has a high melting point - see the 'bloomery process' for producing wrought iron), while the indirect process produces iron via 'pig iron' which is a high carbon alloy of iron (produced as a liquid because of the reduction in melting point caused by the carbon - see 'Osmond' process).
Poland...
Carbon fixation
Tempering is applied to quench hardened plain carbon steel to: 1. reduce brittleness. 2. increase ductility. 3. increase toughness. 4. relieve stresses in the martensite structure. Increase in tempering temperature lowers the hardness. The reduction in hardness of the quenched steel depends upon the composition of the alloy and the exact value of the temperature applied.
Blast Furnace
the process of carbon reduction is called carbon reduction process
carbon can not reduce more electropositive metallic oxides like of Mn and Cr. Thus carbon reduction process not applicable for reduction of oxides of metals like Mn and Cr .
a process of reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate
Metallurgical coke serves a major role in steel production, used primarily as a raw material rather than a fuel in blast furnaces. This difference helps in understanding its significance in the steel making process. Metallurgical coke is the outcome of subjecting metallurgical coal, also known as coking coal, to a coking process. This specialized coal, distinguished by its low sulfur and phosphorous content, high carbon content, and effective coking ability, undergoes heating without air to yield coke. The resulting metallurgical coke is a robust, porous substance with a high carbon content. Metallurgical coke serves as a reducing agent and provides the necessary heat for the entire process. It facilitates the reduction of iron oxide to molten iron and, owing to its high carbon content, aids in forming a stable and porous bed within the blast furnace, ensuring efficient gas flow and reaction. While metallurgical coke primarily serves as a raw material, it contributes to the thermal needs of the steel making process as a secondary energy source. Nevertheless, its primary function in the reduction of iron ore remains paramount. Metallurgical coking coal is vital for ensuring the quality of the coke produced. Various metallurgical coal companies play a crucial role in the supply chain, focusing on mining and processing coking coal while adhering to stringent quality standards. In this scenario, Ferrous Vedanta Metalbazaar stands out as a prominent contributor to the industry, offering high-quality metallurgical coke customized to the specific requirements of steel manufacturers. The company employs advanced technologies and rigorous quality control measures to guarantee that its metallurgical coke aligns with the exacting standards of blast furnace operations.
by drinking coffee
any metals below carbon in the reactivity series. :)
direct reduction: FeO + C = Fe + CO indirect reduction FeO + CO = Fe + CO2 I don't think that is what the terminology 'direct reduction' means in this context. For a start most directly reduced iron (DRI) is produced using CO and H2 produced from natural gas. I think the correct meaning is that 'direct reduction' is called direct because it directly produces iron (as a solid sponge because iron has a high melting point - see the 'bloomery process' for producing wrought iron), while the indirect process produces iron via 'pig iron' which is a high carbon alloy of iron (produced as a liquid because of the reduction in melting point caused by the carbon - see 'Osmond' process).
Poland...
Carbon fixation
If the reduction involves carbon getting oxidized, it would be... Zinc oxide + carbon -----------> Zinc + carbon monoxide that's ZnO + C ----------> Zn + CO or if the reduction involves carbon monoxide getting oxidized, it would be... Zinc oxide + carbon monoxide -----------------> Zinc + carbon dioxide that's ZnO + CO ----------> Zn + CO2
Iron (Fe)
The metallurgical transfer motion behaviour during quenching is influenced by cooling rate, carbon concentrration , alloying elemnts and stress