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Gluten is important for the chewiness of classic French and country style breads.

it is present to some extent in all wheat flour.

'Bread flour' contains the highest amount, around 10%,

and is intended for making bread.

'Cake flour' contains the least, yielding a more tender crumb as desired

for cakes and most pastry products, pancakes especially.

The old standby 'all Purpose' flour is just that, a middle of the road product meant to produce acceptable results in any recipe.

(with expected middle of the road results)

for best end product use the appropriate flour for your recipe.

a cake flour substitute can be concocted by using an 80% AP flour/20% cornstarch mix.

Gluten must be activated by adding water then physically manipulating the dough,

this is why you should knead your bread thoroughly , but mix your cake and muffin batters as little as possible.

Having trouble stretching your Pizza dough or forming bread loaves?

wrap the dough and let the gluten relax for 15 minutes or so and most

of the troublesome elasticity will go away.

The baking industry can order their flour with the exact gluten/starch ratio they desire, and foodservice/wholesale has access to many types that are not on supermarket shelves.

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12y ago

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