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light energy
Excited State -_-
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
Melting and evaporation of water. They both absorb energy to increase the internal enthalpy.
Energy cannot be lost it is only converted from one state to the next.
Yes, internal energy is a thermodynamic function or state function,
Since internal energy is a state function and a cyclic process always returns to the same state (that's how you define a cyclic process), the value of the the internal energy will remain constant. That is not to say that it doesn't change along the cyclic path during the process - just that it always returns to the same value when the cycle is complete.
state is the key function of energy
Internal energy is an extensive state function. That means it depends on how much of a substance you have but if you fix the composition, pressure, temperature, volume, and (in the case of a system at a phase equlibrium point, like water at the freezing point) the phase of a system, the specific internal energy will be constant. If you take a closed system and change the volume of it, you will be doing work (or allowing the system to do work) and the internal energy can change - so - yes - internal energy of a system depends upon volume. Also, if you fix the composition, temperature, pressure, and phase of a homogeneous mass but change the volume, you will increase the amount of mass you included in the system, thus changing the total internal energy (because it is, after all, an extensive function).
Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed microscopic potential energy and kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the system. The first law of thermodynamics states that: "The internal energy of a system is a function of its state. Any increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system." The first law of thermodynamics is a direct consequence of the principle of conservation of energy.
The state that has the lowest energy is called the ground state. The ground state has no nodes and is in the 1D.
energy increases or decreases until a stable or quasi-stable state is reached
In both senses also called energy state
If you mean - which has more internal energy, then water has more than the same amount (mass) of ice. Heat must be added to ice to get it to melt (turn to liquid water). Heat has to be removed from water to get to to freeze (turn to ice)
light energy
Their lowest possible energy state, called the "ground state".
From what I understand, agent function is a program that maps the percepts to action and update the internal state. an agent program actually implements the agent function