The end result of nuclear fusion is dense than its original parts because in fusion they lose some of their energy.
Gravity! Get ENOUGH gas, as light and tenuous as it is, and its own self-gravity will cause the gas to collapse in the center. if there's enough mass, it will get more and more dense, and eventually get hot enough to begin nuclear fusion.
The sun's heat, like ALL heat, is infrared electromagnetic radiation. Long wave radiation. In the sun's case this radiation is ultimately the result of energy liberated via nuclear fusion--hydrogen atoms being heated and squeezed into helium atoms within the sun's extremely hot, dense core.
Gravity. The star collapses until it reaches a temperature and pressure to ignite fusion. The pressure generated by the fusion opposes gravity and holds up the star until it runs out of fuel. This cycle can repeat until all that is left is nickel-iron, which cannot fuse. If the star is large enough, gravity can turn the burned out star into a black hole.
The object you describe is a brown dwarf stellar object. They range in size from 13.5 to 80 times the mass of Jupiter. They do allow limited deuterium burning in there cores and brown dwarf > 65 Jupiter mass also allow limited lithium fusion but unlike stars do not produce a lot of energy.
Uranium is a natural chemical element, metal, solid, toxic, radioactive, reactive, very dense, used as fuel in nuclear reactors, used in nuclear bombs, used in alloys for tankks armors, etc.
It gets the energy from nuclear fusion. It is able to carry out this nuclear fusion because of its mass, which pulls the Sun together, and keeps its core hot and dense.
A nuclear reaction - either fusion or fission - is required to turn matter into energy.
Nuclear fusion occurs in stars due to the shear density of a star. They are so dense that the pressure in the core ionizes hydrogen, stripping them into bare atoms. The inward gravitational pull of the dense core causes the atoms to be smashed together, fusing into helium. The energy from the fusion provides enough outward pressure to counteract the core's own gravity.
Jupiter is not nearly massive enough or dense enough to hit "critical mass"; essentially, there's not enough pressure at the core of the planet to start the initial nuclear reaction and its not dense enough to maintain the reaction.
Denser elements in a star tend to condense near the star's core, while less dense elements generally move outward towards the surface to take place in nuclear fusion.
After a star has formed, it creates energy at the hot, dense core region through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium.
gravity pulled most of the gas into the center of the disk,where the gas eventually became hot and dense enough for nuclear fusion to begin. the sun was born
The basic idea is that the protostar contracts, under the influence of gravity, until it gets dense and hot enough to undergo nuclear fusion. You can find more details at the Wikipedia article "Protostar".
A star is born when contracting gas and dust from a nebula become so dense and hot that nuclear fusion starts.
Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. It isn't clear what you mean by "ultra-dense deuterium". In theory, deuterium can release huge amounts of energy, via nuclear fusion.
Creating helium from hydrogen in its core. Combining two atoms to form a larger atom, releasing energy. E=MC^2
The sun and other stars are hot enough and dense enough at their cores for nuclear fusion to occur. Hydrogen atoms fuse together into helium atoms, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process.