When water is pumped around a hot engine it gets very hot. It then goes into the top of the radiator and down the thin tubes to the bottom of the radiator. When the car is moving, or if the fan is spinning, the water in the radiators thin tubes is cooled. Then it goes back in the engine, heats up and the process repeats. The water will make the engine rust, so a corrosion inhibitor needs to be added to the water (usually in the form of antifreeze .) If it smells like poo the system probably needs draining and flushing out and then re-filling.
Eethylene Glycol
Water alone is not used as coolant for automobiles.
it is used as a coolant
Heating radiators in buildings freeze when the water gets 0 Celsius. In cars it controlled by the strength of the coolant mixture. Where I live we target 40 below for safety, but at that strength the coolant doesn't really freeze at 40 below, it kind of "gel's" and wont circulate anymore, freezing at a lower unspecified temperature.
Aluminum
Water in a car radiator does not normally boil. In some old cars, the cooling systems would run at about 220 degrees Fahrenheit. The pressure would be high enough so that the water would boil at 250 degrees. Today, you do not put water in radiators but coolant. It is much more efficient than water for cooling engines.
Any substance that lowers the freezing point of water such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol which are commonly added to water
A 50/50 mixture of anti-freeze and distilled water.
When discussing the use of freon (or chlorofluorocarbon as it is known) it usually refers to refrigeration and air conditioning. When talking about cars, freon gas is used in the Air conditioning unit. It it sometimes used by racing cars in the radiator in leu of regular coolant (or anti-freeze) but this is not a common practice. On regular cars, coolant is an oil based product placed in the cars radiator and reservoir diluted with water. It's function is to allow the radiator fluid (coolant and water), to be heated and cooled beyond the natural point of water to aid in the cooling of the cars engine.
good, cheap, efficient and available almost anywhere
No, cars use internal combustion engines which require a flammable fuel. There is a 50/50 mixture of water and antifreeze use as a coolant in the engine.
A 50/50 mix of coolant and water generally gives you protection down to 30 degrees below 0 F.