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There could be a number of reasons. A 7805 has three pins: Voltage in, voltage out and an earth.

If the earth is not tied to the earth reference (ground) of the circuit, the output will be held close to the input voltage.

If there are no suppression capacitors on the inputs and outputs, high frequency oscillation can be present and at a level where some meters will read it as a DC shift.

The IC may be damaged. It has a maximum input voltage of around 35V (dependent on the specific IC). Exceeding the input voltage doesn't do the IC any good at all.

The other possibility is that the output side of the IC is being fed with a voltage from another part of the circuit.

Keep taking the meter readings with the IC in circuit and out of circuit and one of these errors is likely to show up.

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Q: Why isn't 7805 voltage regulator putting out 5v Its putting out 15.6v?
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