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Black couples should be tested, because about 1 in 12 black Americans carry sickle-cell trait. A person with sickle-cell trait has a 50/50 chance of passing it to their offspring.

If both parents have sickle-cell trait, then there's a 1 in 4 chance their child could wind up with full-blown sickle cell anemia, which is associated with a significantly reduced life expectancy (maybe 50 years vs. 70-ish for those without it).

The trait is also reasonably common among Hispanics, where about 1 in 100 are carriers.

Northern Europeans ... not so much. It turns out that sickle-cell trait is actually a good thing to have if you live where there's a lot of malaria; it makes you be less affected by the disease. Not a lot of malaria in northern Europe, so people whose ancestors are from there don't tend to carry the trait.

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Q: Why should couples that are ready to have a baby be tested for sickle cell trait?
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