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Firstly, a fiber optic cable transmits light from one end of the fiber optic cable to the other end. You can kind of think of the fiber optic cable as a long tube. The way in which light travels from one end to the other is that it gets reflected off the inside parts of this glass or plastic tube by a physical phenomenon known as: Total Internal Reflection.

Refraction of light only occurs when light travels from one medium to another. For example, when light travels from air to water, from water to air, from water to oil, etc. In other words, in terms of fiber optics, the only way light will get refracted is if it passes through the glass or plastic tube. But if this happened, then the light will exit the fiber optic cable as it travels from one end of the cable to the other end, and the light would not be properly transmitted, defeating the purpose of fiber optics.

In other words, light should be reflective rather than refractive in fiber optics in order for light to be effectively transmitted from one end to the other end of a fiber optic cable.

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Q: Why should the light ray be reflected rather than refractive in fiber optics?
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