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If you mean in the Persian Wars against the Greek city-states, it was because the cities temporarily postponed their own wars between each other and combined their forces against the Persian army and naval forces. These forces prevailed at sea because they developed superior naval tactics.The Greek land forces prevailed because their soldiers were armoured infantry (the Persian infantry were unarmoured) and the Greek forces engaged the Persians on rough ground where the superior Persian cavalry could not operate effectively.

If you mean Alexander the great's invasion, Alexander raised a competitive cavalry force to the Persian one, and used this in combination with his superior armoured infantry to better effect.

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10y ago

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