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Turkey and Italy: The US had missiles in Turkey and Italy, which borders the Soviet Union, and it capable of strike Moscow. Placing missiles in Cuba would undoubtedly restore the balance of power.

Politics view: after the American placed Nuclear warheads in Turkey, Khruschev had faced criticism from hard-liners within the Soviet Union that he was weak and appeasing the Americans. A message needed to be sent out that the USSR wasn't weak and not going to take the American bully any more than this.

Strategic: Cuba is only 90 miles away from the US coastline and short / medium range missiles placed on the Island would be able to penetrate deep inside US territory, just like the american's missiles in Turkey.

Helping an ally: Cuba had seen an abortive CIA backed attack at the Bay of Pigs and was perceived to be at risk of future attacks from the United States. Missiles would act as a deterrent against such bully attack.

Berlin: Some historians have suggested that Khruschev wanted to secure the Soviet hold on Berlin. Placing missiles on Cuba would give him a better negotiating position. But! i think they were wrong. if the USSR want a better negotiating position why didn't they ask the west to get out of berlin in exchange of they getting out of Cubar then? infact they ask the US to get missiles out of Turkey.

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