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Why the band gap increases as the size of nano-particle decreases?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
In order to understand quantum confinement, we need to go back to the very basics of quantum mechanics; namely the particle-in-a-box. All we need to worry about is, that the spacings between the energy levels increase as the length of the box decreases. Quantitatively, En = n2h2/8mL2. In the case of semiconductors this simply means that the band gap, starting from the bulk value, increases as the size of the nanocrystal decreases. In bulk solids the energy levels are closely spaced and thus form quasi-continuous bands. Going to the nano-regime the energy level separation increases and discrete energy levels are observed. Calculations on different systems show that quantum confinement effects are observable at sizes below 10 nm for most materials (~20 nm for Pb chalcogenides). Onset of confinement depends on a number of parameters such as the dielectric constant of the semiconductor and effective masses of the charge carriers.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
As the size of a nano-particle decreases, quantum confinement effects become more prominent. This leads to the quantization of energy levels, causing the band gap to increase. In smaller nano-particles, the spatial confinement of charge carriers results in an increase in their energy levels, leading to a higher band gap.
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