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In ferromagnetic materials,such as electrical steel,the magnetisation curve is not a straight line,or else the relation B=μH is not linear ( μ is not constant),H is linear function of magnetization current,while B is linear function of input voltage ,so we have : Im=f(μ)U,where f(μ) is not constant,Im=magnetization (magnetizing) current, U=input voltage.

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Q: Why the magnetization current is not sinusoidal even though the input voltage is sinusoidal?
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What is nonsinusoidal currents?

"nonsinusoidal current" is any current that is not sinusoidal - it could be a wave such as a square wave, triangle wave, etc. DC (direct current) is non sinusoidal. This term is often used in reference to currents that you "would expect" to be sinusoidal (such as the current to your house is sinusoidal at 50 or 60 hz) but aren't - such as transformer inrush current, magnetizing currents,...any current with large amounts of harmonics. AC current is also (generally) not sinusoidal due to the way power supplies only conduct from the input when the rectifier filter capacitor needs to be recharged during each line cycle. That results in a pulsing current, even though the voltage is mostly sinusoidal.


Can you calculate power by multiplying voltage and current?

Not enough information. Power = current x voltage. Since voltage can be anything, there is no way to calculate power. Time is irrelevant; though once you have the power, it can help you calculate energy (energy = power x time).


What is the voltage across a load given that the current though it equals 30mA and resistance of the load is 1000 ohms?

Ohm's law: voltage is current times resistance 0.03 amperes times 1000 ohms = 30 volts.


Common collector amplifier does not have voltage gain but still provide power gain?

It still has a current gain significantly high though the voltage gain is close to unity.


A capacitor opposes a change in?

Capacitors charge by transferring charge from one plate to the other. This is not the same as a battery, though it can seem so. They oppose a change in voltage because the two plates are close to each other, separated by the dielectric, and the transfer of charge requires current. Once charged, however, the current becomes zero. The differential equation describing a capacitor is dv/dt = i/c, or volts per second = current over capacitance.

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What is nonsinusoidal currents?

"nonsinusoidal current" is any current that is not sinusoidal - it could be a wave such as a square wave, triangle wave, etc. DC (direct current) is non sinusoidal. This term is often used in reference to currents that you "would expect" to be sinusoidal (such as the current to your house is sinusoidal at 50 or 60 hz) but aren't - such as transformer inrush current, magnetizing currents,...any current with large amounts of harmonics. AC current is also (generally) not sinusoidal due to the way power supplies only conduct from the input when the rectifier filter capacitor needs to be recharged during each line cycle. That results in a pulsing current, even though the voltage is mostly sinusoidal.


How does arc length affect voltage?

The longer you strech the arc, the smaller the voltage. Current rises though.


Can you calculate power by multiplying voltage and current?

Not enough information. Power = current x voltage. Since voltage can be anything, there is no way to calculate power. Time is irrelevant; though once you have the power, it can help you calculate energy (energy = power x time).


Can current flow in a circuit without potential difference?

A current cannot exist without voltage but voltage can exist without current.Simple example is battery. A battery has votlage even though it is not connected elsewhere.


What is the voltage across a load given that the current though it equals 30mA and resistance of the load is 1000 ohms?

Ohm's law: voltage is current times resistance 0.03 amperes times 1000 ohms = 30 volts.


What is the phase relationship of voltage across a capacitor and current though the capacitor?

In a capacitor, the current LEADS the voltage by 90 degrees, or to put it the other way, the voltage LAGS the current by 90 degrees. This is because the current in a capacitor depends on the RATE OF CHANGE in voltage across it, and the greatest rate of change is when the voltage is passing through zero (the sine-wave is at its steepest). So current will peak when the voltage is zero, and will be zero when the rate of change of voltage is zero - at the peak of the voltage waveform, when the waveform has stopped rising, and is about to start falling towards zero.


Does resistance use amps or voltage?

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If voltage is not equal to current then are insulators rated in voltage or current?

Insulators are always rated for voltage. Voltage, or potential difference, is the energy that is available to make the electrons jump from the conductor, through the insulator, to the next available conductor. Current is the electron flow through the wire.A great example of why current is not an issue in insulation issues is that you could have 1000 amps (the measurement of current) going through a wire at 1 volt and have no problem with almost any insulator. You would need a very good insulator for less then a amp of current though if the voltage was 100,000 volts.


If voltage is not equal to current then are insulator rated in voltage or current?

Insulators are always rated for voltage. Voltage, or potential difference, is the energy that is available to make the electrons jump from the conductor, through the insulator, to the next available conductor. Current is the electron flow through the wire.A great example of why current is not an issue in insulation issues is that you could have 1000 amps (the measurement of current) going through a wire at 1 volt and have no problem with almost any insulator. You would need a very good insulator for less then a amp of current though if the voltage was 100,000 volts.


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Why magnitism lags behind magnetisg current in hysteresis?

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