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Israelites and, later, Judeans, were hated by other nations, but this type of hatred was no different than other ethno-nationalist hatreds between states and would bear no resemblance to Anti-Semitism today. As a result, during the Old Testament Period, it would be improper to call dislike of Jews by their neighbors as Anti-Semitism.

Anti-Semitism as a distinct phenomenon probably dates from the time of the Seleucid Greek Empire in 200s B.C.E. (between the end of the Old Testament and the start of the New Testament), when the more religious Jews refused to accede to Hellenic culture and were branded as odd or traitorous. However, it solidified during the diaspora. The Jews lost a revolt against their Roman overlords around 70 C.E., and as punishment the Romans forced all the Jews to leave Jerusalem. They were scattered to every point of the compass, all over Africa and Europe. Wherever they wound up, the Jews sought to preserve their separate ethnic and religious identity. This set them apart, made them different. This difference was noted and made others wary.

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Q: Why was anti-semitism used in biblical times?
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