Before Berne, works were only protected in the country in which they were registered. As international travel became more common, the most popular artists found that virtually anything they created would make its way to Another Country where it was rampantly copied. Gilbert and Sullivan, for example, would premiere a show in London, immediately put someone on a boat with the score to register it in the US, and by the time he got there, there would already be a pirated production on Broadway. Victor Hugo was another strong proponent of an international law, as unauthorized translations and printings of his works popped up around Europe.
Berne established minimum protection, and required that signatories respect each others' copyrights, fostering and easing international trade in IP.
Berne allows for the transfer of rights; specific assignment tends to be considered a contract law issue.
In signatories to the Berne Convention, yes.
UK copyrights are recognized in the US as part of the Berne Convention.
Nearly all. All members of the World Trade Organization follow the Berne Convention.
The copyright office in your country should make them available online. The Berne Convention is linked below.
All members of the World Trade Organization are required to acknowledge minimum protection specified in the Berne Convention. The key points of Berne are that protection is automatic (registration is not required), and protection on most works lasts for the life of the creator plus 50 years at a minimum (the US and some others have extended this to life plus 70 years). More information on the Berne Convention is at the link below.
The copyright office in your country should make them available online. The Berne Convention is linked below.
Parliament amends and expands copyright law as needed, within the bounds of the Berne Convention.
Yes; Ukraine's copyright laws are based on the Berne Convention, and recognized by all members of the World Trade Organization.
Modern copyright is based on the Statute of Anne, 1709, but international copyright agreements stem from the Berne Convention, 1886.
Berne.
It varies from country to country. Most European countries' laws at that time would have related to the Berne Convention of 1886.