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The start of the Roman Republic was not entirely positive.The story of theoverthrowof themonarchygiven by the Roman tradition is not very reliable, and seems to have been transmitted by oral tradition before it was putintowriting. It has an appearance of a palace coup d' etat. The reality wasprobablymore complex than that.

It seems that most Romans were keen on deposing Tarquinus Superbus, the last king,becausehe was a tyrant. It also seems that they accepted the idea of never having a king again to prevent the return of tyranny.

One factor that helped to consolidate the transition to a new regime was the fact that Rome was under constant attack. First by the Etruscan cities of Tarquinii and Veii, then by the king of Clusium and after that by theLatinleague, the Sabines, the Aequi and the Volsci. The need for defence rallied the citizenstogether.

The start of the Roman republic was not entirely positive because 15 years after its establishment there wasthefirst plebeianrebellion the FirstPlebeianSecession of 494, whichstartedthe 200-year long Conflict of the Orders, a conflict between patricians and plebeians. This was a deep conflict. After the rebellion, the plebeian movement established the Aventine Hill, one of the hills of Rome, as a separate jurisdiction over which theyexcisedtheir control and made decisions independently from the Roman state. They created a state within the state indefianceof the Roman state because they felt that the latter was unwilling to meet the economicgrievancesof the poor plebeians. There were frequentplebeianagitationswhich disrupted state business andunderminedRome'sabilityto defend herself against her neighbours.


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