There are several theories on why caches of weapons are found in lakes. One of them is that the weapons of a conquered enemy were offered as a sacrifice to the waters.
Shale started as mud. Mud is deposited in the bottom of lakes and seas.
basalt
Conglomerate rocks are sedimentary rocks; they settle at bottoms of the rivers, lakes, and oceans in deposited layers.
sedimentary rock formed by weathering and erosion
The water used to flush the excess waste after minerals have been deposited is dumped in nearby lakes and rivers.
It is called sedimentation.
when rivers enter oceans or lakes, the water slows and sediment is deposited.
An annually deposited sedimentary layer is called a varve. Originally the word referred only to those annual layers of sediment deposited in a lake by glaciers, but now the more general use is accepted. Another term used in the literature is "annually laminated."
A pair of sedimentary layers (one coarse, one fine) that is deposited in an annual cycle, commonly in glacial lakes, and that can be used to determine absolyte age.
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The rock formed would usually be classified as clastic sedimentary rock, like shale.
limestone- deposited on the bottom of lakes and shallow sea bedsrock salt- make salt