Someone used a metal punch to alter it. It's damage rather than a Mint error, so your coin unfortunately has no numismatic worth above its face value.
There is one for sale on eBay right now for $450.00 : http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=8332711684
A Silver Penny struck in 1600 would bear the image of Queen Elizabeth I on the front, with the legend "E D G ROSA SINE SPINA" on the reverse, there would be a shield with lions passent and fleurs de lis with a legend saying which city the coin was struck in.
Before the Lincoln penny (1909 - when he would have been 100 years old) it was a Native American.
MY best guess would have to be a 1943 copper penny. But a little more specific question would be helpful. Small cent or large cent??
I think by "hay penny", you possibly mean Halfpenny. The Halfpenny was one of the lowest denominations of the British currency and they were never struck in gold. Depending on when they were minted, they would have been struck in copper or bronze.
Atleast $25,000
It depends on the paper. If it is large and flat, then it will almost certainly land after the penny. If it is folded up nice and small and dense, then it will hit the ground at about the same time as the penny.
It is not wise to invest a large sum of money in penny stocks, since it is easy for the investments to go bad and one would then lose a lot of hard-earned money.
The penny will zig zag till it hits the bottom, the same way a a piece of paper would if you held it up and dropped it. It would be easier to drop a marble or a pebble.
approx. $167.50.an 1812 penny, or cent would be a Classic Head Large Cent and would be worth about $50 or more depending on condition. If it has been cleaned it would be worth less. Cleaning coins reduces the value of the coin
It depends on the synagogue. But in most synagogues that have the pulpit in front (called a Beemah), you would see a large cabinet that holds the Torah scrolls. In synagogues with the Pulpit in the center of the room, there would be no "front" of the room.
If it was struck, it could certainly be damaged.