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I guess you would be full of doo-doo.
If a child is born without a large intestine it cannot live obviously, where else would it's waste be transported through?
the large intestine has to deal with the absorption of water mainly back into the system, so malfunctioning of this organ will certainly lead to loss in body fluids hence dehydration.
The large intestine is necessary for the body to recover water from the digestive process; without one, you would die of dehydration (although in theory, you could have a constant intravenous water supply instead).
If you mean, "can you live without your large intestine?" then yes, you can. One must wear a Colostomy bag to collect the waste that leaves the small intestine. The large intestine also plays a small role in reabsorbing water and ions, so one would have to make sure they are not getting dehydrated or experiencing symptoms of low ion concentrations. If you mean "with only small intestine -- no stomach, etc.", then no, you cannot.
You would know, because your p**p comes from your large intestine. You have muscles to push it out.
it would be the large intestine
Yes, but only with medical support. Individuals who have the large intestine removed, or with an intestinal bypass, may have their ileum directly connected to the colon or rectum, and will not utilize the large intestine (an ileostomy is often used as an intermediate step). Since absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine, this allows continued metabolism. However, this condition can lead to dehydration due to lack of water absoption, and deficiencies of some vitamins that are taken in through the large intestine.
the large intestine
Your bodily waste would have no exit, and it is there to remove important nutrients from our waste that our body still needs!
The removal of a person's large intestine is called a "colectomy". When it is removed, the end of the small intestine (where the large intestine would normally be joined on to) is then bought to the outside surface of the person's abdomen (normally next to the navel), where it is stitched in place and a colectomy bag is then attached to collect waste material. (Yes, the colectomy bag is outside the person's body). A person can live quite healthily without a large intestine - it is not necessary for life, just useful.
The large intestine has, as its major function, the removal of water from the digestive tract at the end of the digestive process. (The small intestine is the primary absorber of nutrients from out of the digested material.) Without a large intestine, you'd have a much more liquid bowel emission. And you'd need to drink more water, too. It's not the best deal in the world, but it is something that can be lived with and just requires "management" on the part of an individual who has, due to accident or disease, lost the large or a large portion of the large intestine. A link is provided to the Wikipedia article on the large intestine.