Yes, it should - but it may not fit in your wheel wells, and will definitely throw off your odometer and speedometer as well.
205 55r 16
Of course you can.
The only difference is that 215 tires are taller. The first number in the name (215) indicates the tire sidewall height, the second part (55) is the tire tread width, the third part (r) shows that the tire is a radial tire, and the fourth part (16) indicates the rim size.
205/60-16 or 245/50-16. Either of these sizes is compatable with your 225/55-16.
215 55R 17
If you are asking what is a good replacement for this size then a 175/60-15 will work just fine. A 215/50-15 will also work.
My 2003 Volkwagen Beetle GL also uses 205/55R 16
They will work, however some vehicles make experience a slight rub at full turns because the 205 series is a bit wider.
The recommended tire size for a 2005-2008 Volvo S40 varies depending on its application. Most drivers prefer 205/55r/16 for their comfort ride ability and tread life.
You can but your speedometer will be off. The 205/50-16 has a diameter of 24.1 " and the 205/55-16 has a diameter of 24.9". That is a difference of .8". I suggest you stick with the OEM size. Click the link to see what effect different sizes will have.
The second number in those sizes is the aspect ratio. You would be changing overall height. The 215/65 will be 1.7 inches taller in overall diameter. Depending on vehicle and many other factors I cant tell you whether it would be acceptable on your vehicle or not. It is over the 3% max diameter change recommended by most manufactures.
Yes, though handling may be adversely affected. Generally this type of change in tire sizing is only done when switching over to snow tires for the winter season.