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low coolant
Coolant Temperature Sensor
A low coolant level could cause the temp gauge not to read correctly. A faulty temp gauge sending unit could also be the cause. The coolant leak, you would have to find the source of the leak to determine the cause.
Low coolant, check when engine is cold.
engine coolant
Bad gauge or defective coolant temperature sensor
water temperature. 180-220 degrees
Low Coolant or faulty gauge
Can be a defective temperature sending unit. If you just chance the coolant can be air trapped in the cooling system. You would need to bleed all air from the system. Can also be a defective gauge, but highly unlikely.
Head gasket. Do block test for gases in coolant
Yes it sure can.
An inoperative temperature gauge will not alter how an engine runs, but the operator will not know if the water temperature has risen above normal without a properly working guage.