Will the Earth survive the Sun's death?

Answer 1

This is currently unknown. The Earth - as a planet - might be swallowed by the Sun when it becomes a red giant - or not. Life on Earth, on the other hand, will not survive - unless humans (or some other species) develop some very advanced technology, in which case the death of life on Earth might be postponed for some time (but not indefinitely).

Answer 2

When I was growing up, the conventional wisdom was "no" ... in about five billion years, before collapsing into a white dwarf, the sun will expand "briefly" (for a hundred million years or so ... in astronomical terms, that's "brief") to a red giant. The sun's photosphere at that point will extend comfortably past Earth's current orbit, turning pretty much anything inside to plasma.

However, notice that I said CURRENT orbit. The sun will lose mass as it expands, by expelling strong "solar winds". It could wind up losing as much as about a third of its mass by the time it reaches maximum size, and that will cause the Earth's orbit to drift outward, resulting in a kind of race between the Earth and the Sun.

Recent calculations, however, suggest the Sun's going to win. If the Earth were a bit further away (about 15%), it would probably make it; as it is, astronomers suspect that the Sun will overtake it shortly before reaching maximum size.

All of this is largely irrelevant to you in particular and humans in general, of course. Even assuming you could live five billion years, as it ages the Sun is growing hotter; a billion years or so from now the Earth will be completely uninhabitable, because the surface will be above the boiling point of water.

Answer 3

We don't know whether it will or not, but current theories point to no.