Not likley. You will normally see a loss of power and the converter will get red hot.
No.
Yes it does.
Not likely but possible.
have the car checked out, it could be a bad o2 sensor or a plugged converter.
Yes. Oil is hard on Catalytic converter.
no it will run rough and stall out
It is one of many possibilities.
catalytic converter
No, that code is for the evaporative emissions control system in the fuel tank. It has nothing to do with the catalytic converter.
Don't let your car idle for long periods of time.
Yes, if it is clogged very badly.
Yes, a bad cat can cause issues.