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Athens was on the coast, so was open to surprise seaborne attack. Sparta was inland and could have warning of and prepare for a land attack.

However there were other factors:

Athens was walled, could therefore be defended by a small force, and being connected by walls to its seaport, could import food when under siege. It could also send out an expedition by sea to attack it's attacker's home city while that city's army was besieging Athens..

Sparta was unwalled and had to be defended by land battle in the open, so it depended on the army being home and strong enough to see off an attacker. Sparta also had a large serf population nearby and was vulnerable to an uprising.

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Q: Would it be easier to attack Athens or Sparta geographically?
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