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It's called "blow-by" and is caused by exhaust gas leaking past the pistons during the combustion cycle. It's an indication that the rings are not sealing between the pistons and the cylinder walls. The cause can be worn pistons or carbon buildup around the rings preventing the rings from keeping a tight seal against the cylinder wall. In either case, it's typically the result of inadequate maintenance.

The exhaust gas leaking past the cylinders can build up quite a bit of pressure inside the crankcase (and rocker cover) resulting in what you're seeing as well as pressure against the crankshaft seals, causing them to fail and leak quite a bit of oil.

Another Answer:

This can also be caused by your valves not seating properly. Check your valve lash with a feeler gauge after you've set your motor to TDC, making sure the first rocker arms are loose. If they're tight, rotate your crank with a wrench 360 degrees till it is in TDC again. Another way is to get a different valve cover. There is a cover plate underneath the PCV valve to prevent this same thing from happening, and some different year 22R's had a plate stretching all the way to this front emissions hose. For now, you can simply unplug this hose. The oil is only sucked in by your intake, not pumped out from beneath your valve cover. As long as the hose is plugged into your valve cover, nothing will fall in either.

It could also be a plugged Catalytic converter. I had the same problem in my F250 it was spewing oil into my airbox destroyed my air filter and coated the inside if my intake with oil. I Know it sounds kinda ridicules but I was at my wits end gave up took it to my mechanic and i didn't even shut the engine off before he told me it was the cat. But it was a relief because every other possibility was internal engine ($$$). The increased pressure in the exhaust created blow-by increasing the pressure in the crankcase/valve covers and dumped oil through the pcv into the air box. Try running your truck w/o the cat to see if that is the problem (should be a power gain also). The right way to fix it would be to buy a new one. There is no smog test where I live so the honeycomb inside the cat mysteriously fell out of mine. And I would check how dirty your throttle body is and buy a can of Throttle body cleaner if needed.

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Q: Your Toyota 22R engine is building pressure in Valve cover and spewing oil out through vent to air cleaner Can you tell you why pressure is building up?
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