Why Batteries Won't Hold Charge or "Die"
There could be many causes, but the most common causes include:
An alternator is designed to keep a fully charged battery at peak level. It is not designed to charge a dead battery. Installing a new alternator on a car with a dead battery can in some cases ruin the new alternator. Fully charge the dead battery before starting the engine.
If you replaced the battery with a brand new one, then no. The battery comes from the store with a fuul charge. If it didn't come charged up, then you have bought a defective battery.
You cannot charge a battery without a battery charger or having it charged by the alternator in your vehicle while it is running.
New batteries almost always come fully charged. If it was not then charge it with a battery charger and do not use your vehicle alternator to charge a dead battery. You may do harm to the alternator which is not built to charge a dead battery but is instead built to keep a good battery fully charged.
My advice is to charge the battery with a battery charger before starting the engine. You will be putting a heavy load on the alternator if you allow it to charge a dead battery. This could damage the alternator.
Inside the alternator
That is the purpose of an alternator. The keep the battery charged and to run all the electrics on the vehicle. However it is never a good idea to allow the alternator to charge a dead battery. This will put a strain on the alternator and may damage it.
If your battery is not being charged , the battery light will come on in your dash
You can have the alternator tested free of charge at just about any major auto parts store. By the way, a bad alternator will not "discharge" a battery - the alternator's function is to provide the charge to the battery. If the alternator is faulty, then it is not providing the charge necessary to keep other components from discharging the battery. I had the alternator tested and it was charging. If the alternator has a bad diode, it will discharge the battery. I replaced the alternator and everything is fine.
Voltage regulator or loose wire.
It will start if there is enough charge in the battery to turn the engine over. However if the alternator is weak then the battery will not be charged fully.
I am assuming you mean with the auto engine running. Yes, that is possible but you are putting a strain on the alternator of the car. An alternator is not designed to charge a dead battery. It is designed to keep a charged battery fully charged. as long as the ATV battery is the same voltage as the car battery, usually 12 volts, you can charge it, or jump start the atv and let it charge the battery itself.