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Unless you had an excellent writing course in high school, terms like MLA format, Turabian or APA style might sound like a foreign language to you during your first semester in college. Formatting your paper according to the professor’s specifications is very important (and you’ll most likely lose points if you don’t do it correctly). Formatting includes elements like the overall look of the paper (spacing, font, etc.), the footnotes/endnotes and the bibliography (list of sources). After some practice (and you’ll get plenty throughout college!), these formats will become second nature to you. Here is a general overview of some of the most common academic paper formats.
MLA Style
MLA (http://www.mla.org/) is short for Modern Languages Association, an organization that promotes the study of language (English and other world languages) and establishes academic guidelines. MLA style is often used for English papers (or papers written in foreign language departments). The official guide for MLA formatting is the MLA Handbook, (http://www.mlahandbook.org), which provides many examples of how to format the paper and cite sources.
APA Style
The American Psychological Association has its own set of formatting guidelines that are typically used for papers in the sciences and Social Sciences (and includes guidelines on how to present research findings in charts, etc.). The APA Style Publication Manual (http://www.apastyle.org/) is the official reference guide for APA Style. This guide provides multiple examples as well as tips for conducting effective research.
Turabian Style
Similar to Chicago Style, Turabian style is named after Kate. L. Turabian, a dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago for over 30 years who wrote A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Her manual is based on the University of Chicago Press's Manual of Style, but differs from it in several ways. Turabian includes the rules most important for students' papers and other scholarly research that is not intended for publication, and leaves out some of the publishing details and options that are part of Chicago Style. It is commonly used for humanities papers, most commonly history papers (though many humanities professors prefer MLA format). For more information on Turabian Style, visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html
Happy formatting!
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