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A B and T cell screen is a laboratory test to determine the amount of T and B cells (lymphocytes) in the blood.
Alternative NamesDirect immunofluorescence; E-rosetting; T and B lymphocyte assays; B and T lymphocyte assays
How the test is performedBlood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
Blood could also be obtained by capillary sample(fingerstick, or heelstick in infants).
After the blood is drawn it goes through a two-step process. First, the lymphocytes are separated from other blood parts. Once the cells are separated, identifiers are added to distinguish between T and B cells. The E-rosetting test identifies T cells and direct immunofluorescence is used to identify B cells.
How to prepare for the testTell your health care provider if you have had any of the following, which might affect your T and B cell count:
- Chemotherapy
- Surgery
- Steroid therapy
- Stress
- X-rays
- Recent infection
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedYour doctor may order this test if you have signs of certain diseases that weaken the immune system. It may also be used to distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous disease, especially cancers that involve the blood and bone marrow.
The test may also be used to determine how well treatment for certain conditions is working.
Normal ValuesNormal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanAbnormal T and B cell counts suggest possible diseases. Further testing is needed to confirm a diagnosis.
An increased T cell count may be due to:
An increased B cell count may be due to:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- DiGeorge syndrome
A decreased T cell count may be due to:
- Congenital T-cell deficiency disease
- Nezelof syndrome
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Acquired T-cell deficiency states
- HIV infection
- HTLV-1 infection
- B cell proliferative disorders
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
A decreased B cell count may be due to:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Congenital immunoglobulin deficiency disorders
- Acquired immunoglobulin deficiency disorders
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Bagby GC. Leukopenia and leukocytosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 173.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoA B and T cell screen is a laboratory test to determine the amount of T and B cells (lymphocytes) in the blood.
Alternative NamesDirect immunofluorescence; E-rosetting; T and B lymphocyte assays; B and T lymphocyte assays
How the test is performedA blood sample is needed. For information on how this is done, see: Venipuncture
Blood could also be obtained by capillary sample(fingerstick, or heelstick in infants).
After the blood is drawn it goes through a two-step process. First, the lymphocytes are separated from other blood parts. Once the cells are separated, identifiers are added to distinguish between T and B cells. The E-rosetting test identifies T cells and direct immunofluorescence is used to identify B cells.
How to prepare for the testTell your health care provider if you have had any of the following, which might affect your T and B cell count:
- Chemotherapy
- HIV
- Radiation therapy
- Recent or current infection
- Steroid therapy
- Stress
- Surgery
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedYour doctor may order this test if you have signs of certain diseases that weaken the immune system. It may also be used to distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous disease, especially cancers that involve the blood and bone marrow.
The test may also be used to determine how well treatment for certain conditions is working.
Normal ValuesNormal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanAbnormal T and B cell counts suggest a possible disease. Further testing is needed to confirm a diagnosis.
An increased T cell count may be due to:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Multiple myeloma
- Syphilis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
An increased B cell count may be due to:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
A decreased T cell count may be due to:
- Congenital T-cell deficiency disease
- Nezelof syndrome
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Acquired T-cell deficiency states
- HIV infection
- HTLV-1 infection
- B cell proliferative disorders
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
A decreased B cell count may be due to:
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Congenital immunoglobulin deficiency disorders
- Acquired immunoglobulin deficiency disorders
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Marks PW, Rosenthal DS. Hematologic manifestations of systemic disease: infection, chronic inflammation, and cancer. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Shattil SJ, et al, eds. Hoffman Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008:chap 157.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 08/24/2011
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?
B lymphocyte (B Cell)
What is meant by T cell priming?
The first contact of a T or B cell with its specific antigen is called priming. It causes differentiation into effector T or B cells.
What are the differences between Bcell receptors and Tcell receptors?
there are different types of b cell and t cell. both are lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cell. the t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages (big immune cells which 'eat' antigens), to destroy the antigen. b cells are used in the production of antibodies. when they encounter a new antigen, plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the division of a b cell. the memory cell remembers the antigen and which antibody to use, while the plasma cell makes the antibodies to fight a particular antigen or class of antigens
Does a T cell engulf pathogens and distroy them?
usually the cell engulfment is donr by B cells the T cells produces cytokinesis and cleaves the antigens
What is the difference between a B cell and a memory B cell?
A plasma B cell is a B cell that has been activated to proliferate and produce antibodies against a specific antigen. A memory B cell is a B cell that lives a long time after an infection to provide long lasting immunity against that specific antigen. They both originate from the same B cell in your secondary lymph system. Once activated the specific B cell will proliferate into plasma B cells and memory B cells.
What is worse b cell lymphoma or t cell lymphoma?
t cell lymphoma
Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?
B lymphocyte (B Cell)
What disease has a b cell and t cell deficiency?
Individuals with both B-cell and T-cell deficiencies are said to have severe combined immune deficiency (SCID).
What binds with and releases chemicals that activate B cell and T cell and and macrophages?
Helper T cell
T-cell lymphocytes that inhibit the activity of B cell lymphocytes?
suppressor T-cells
What is meant by T cell priming?
The first contact of a T or B cell with its specific antigen is called priming. It causes differentiation into effector T or B cells.
What does the t mean in t cells?
Thymus Lymphocytes could be roughly divided into two categories. B cell and T cell. Though they both originate from the bone marrow, T cell migrate to the" thymus," where it reach maturity while B cell got mature in the bone. That is, T stands for thymus. However, B doesn't mean "bone" actually, for B cell was first discovered in the "bursa of Fabricius" in a bird.
What determines if a lymphocyte becomes a B cell or a T cell?
Where it is produced
How helper T cell stimulate an increase in the number of B cell?
Chemical messages called cytokines that are released by the t cell. These cytokines activate transcription factors that induce B cell proliferation.
A white blood cell necessary for B cells to develop normal levels of antibodies?
Well firstly an antigen presenting cell like dendritic cell or macrophage is needed. Secondly you also need a T cell that is complementary to the B cell. B cell will only become plasma cell when it receives the full signal 1. Stimuli: CD4 from T cell interacting with BcR/antigen complex on B cell 2. Co-stimuli: CD40L (CD154) on T cell interacting with CD40 on B cell This interaction allows T cell to secrete IL4, this binds to IL4R on B cell thus receive signal for proliferating and differentiating.
What is the difference between a b cell and a t cell?
B cells mark the virus or paracite as unknown the killer t cells attack and destroy the virus.
What T-cell causes the B-cell lymphocyte to multiply in response to an infection?
Activated helper T cell will multiply and become either TH1 or TH2. TH2 is the one that activates the B cell population
