Hemolytic anemiais a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood, due to the premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia, which are described individually.
Alternative NamesAnemia - hemolytic
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsHemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to increase production to make up for the premature destruction of red blood cells. If the bone marrow is able to keep up with the early destruction, anemia does not occur (this is sometimes called compensated hemolysis).
There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the reason for the premature destruction of red blood cells. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factors), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factors).
Intrinsic factors are often present at birth (hereditary). They include:
Extrinsic factors include:
Types of hemolytic anemia include:
These are tests for red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). Specific tests can identify the types of hemolytic anemia. They are usually performed when hemolysis is suspected or has been determined.
Directly measuring the red cell life span with radioactive tagging techniques shows a shortened life span.
This disease may also affect the following test results, depending on the specific cause:
Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia. Folic acid, iron replacement, and corticosteroids may be used. In emergencies, a blood transfusion or removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be necessary.
Expectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.
ComplicationsThe complications depend on the specific type of hemolytic anemia. Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse (failure of the heart and blood pressure, leading to death). Severe anemias can worsen Heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.
Calling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of hemolytic anemia.
PreventionThere is no known prevention for hemolytic anemia.
ReferencesSchwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 164.
Powers A, Silberstein LE. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 47.
Schrier SL, Price EA. Extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 48.
Hemolytic anemiais a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood, due to the premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia, which are described individually.
Alternative NamesAnemia - hemolytic
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsHemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to increase production to make up for the premature destruction of red blood cells. If the bone marrow is able to keep up with the early destruction, anemia does not occur (this is sometimes called compensated hemolysis).
There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the reason for the premature destruction of red blood cells. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factors), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factors).
Intrinsic factors are often present at birth (hereditary). They include:
Extrinsic factors include:
Types of hemolytic anemia include:
These are tests for red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). Specific tests can identify the types of hemolytic anemia. They are usually performed when hemolysis is suspected or has been determined.
Directly measuring the red cell life span with radioactive tagging techniques shows a shortened life span.
This disease may also affect the following test results, depending on the specific cause:
Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia. Folic acid, iron replacement, and corticosteroids may be used. In emergencies, a blood transfusion or removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be necessary.
Expectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.
ComplicationsThe complications depend on the specific type of hemolytic anemia. Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse (failure of the heart and blood pressure, leading to death). Severe anemias can worsen heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.
Calling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of hemolytic anemia.
PreventionThere is no known prevention for hemolytic anemia.
ReferencesSchwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 164.
Powers A, Silberstein LE. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 47.
Schrier SL, Price EA. Extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 48.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 01/31/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assitant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Hemolytic anemia indicates the early destruction of red blood cells. This can occur as inherited or acquired hemolytic anemia. Certain medicines can cause acquired hemolytic anemia, please check with the doctor.
anemia
Someone can catch hemolytic anemia from their parents. When a child is born and if the parents possess this condition, it can be passed on to the child.
hemolytic anemia
physicians will examine the blood for the number of young red blood cells, since the number of young cells is increased in hemolytic anemia.
hemolytic anemia
most commonly hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
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Pneumonia
hemolytic anemia and bone marrow
Anemia caused by variably shaped red blood cells that burst, or hemolyze, easily.