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In most states home ownership is protected to some degree under homestead laws. These laws are designed to shield a portion of the homeowner's equity from creditors. Equity is the dollar amount between a home's market value and the mortgage balance, in other words the amount that a creditor could be expected to collect in the event of a forced sale. Most deeded properties are eligible but in order to qualify as a homestead the property must be the owner's primary residence.

In some states such as Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and New Jersey there are no homestead statues in effect. Other states only safeguard a very small portion of equity. Georgia and Alabama for instance cap exempted equity at $5000 while Michigan protects a paltry $3500. In Arizona and California a respectable $100,000 of equity is exempt. Florida, Texas and Kansas place virtually no limits on the amount of equity that can be shielded from creditors.

Homestead protection does not apply for taxes, homeowner's association fees, mechanics liens or mortgages on the home. You may feel the homestead laws in your state are of no concern because you keep up with your bills and owe no money. However, a car accident, extended illness or even a dog bite can place your home at risk in the event you are sued and lose. The courts will force the sale of your home to come up with the difference in the protected equity and the judgment amount.

The most notable example of homestead law protection is that of OJ Simpson. After being awarded an enormous civil judgment the Goldmans were able to auction off OJ's property in California, however his multi-million dollar Florida home was exempt from forced sale by Florida's unlimited equity protection.

Every homeowner should be aware of the homestead laws in their state. For those residing in states with little or no homestead protection it may not be wise to have a lot of equity in your home, as this equity is subject to seizure by creditors. Additionally, maintaining adequate liability and health insurance coverage will minimize the risk of losing your home due to debt.

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