Phonological disorder is a type of speech disorder known as an articulation disorder.
Children with phonological disorder do not use some or all of the speech sounds expected for their age group.
Alternative NamesArticulation disorder; Developmental articulation disorder; Speech distortion; Sound distortion
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThis disorder is more common in boys. About 3% of preschool children and 2% of children ages 6 - 7 have the disorder.
The cause of phonological disorder in children is often unknown. Close relatives may have had speech and language problems. Other risk factors may include poverty and coming from a large family.
Phonologic disorders may also be caused by:
Most children have problems pronouncing words early on while their speech is developing.
However, by age 3, at least half of what a child says should be understood (intelligible) by a stranger.
By age 5, a child's speech should be mostly intelligible.
Children with phonological disorder will substitute, leave off, or change sounds. These errors may make it hard for other people to understand the child. Only family members may be able to understand a child who has a more severe phonological speech disorder.
Commonly, children with this disorder have:
Children should be examined for disorders such as:
The health care provider should ask about issues, such as whether more than one language or a certain dialect is spoken at home.
TreatmentMilder forms of this disorder may disappear on their own by around age 6.
Speech therapy may be helpful for more severe symptoms or speech problems that do not get better. Therapy may help the child create the sound, for example by showing where to place the tongue or how to form the lips when making a sound.
Expectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the age at which the disorder started, and how severe it is. Many children eventually develop almost normal speech.
ComplicationsIn severe cases, the child may have problems being understood even by family members. In milder forms, the child may have difficulty being understood by people outside the immediate family. Problems with social interaction and academic performance may occur as a result.
Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if your child is:
Friedman O, Wang TD, Milczuk. Cleft lip and palate. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund VJ, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010: chap 186.
Sharp HM, Hillenbrand K. Speech and language development and disorders in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2008;55:1159-1173.
Simms MD. Language disorders in children: classification and clinical syndromes. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54:437-467.
Lyon GR, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Specific language and learning disabilities. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 32.
Phonological disorder is a type of speech disorder known as an articulation disorder.
Children with phonological disorder do not use some or all of the speech sounds expected for their age group.
Alternative NamesArticulation disorder; Developmental articulation disorder; Speech distortion; Sound distortion
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThis disorder is more common in boys. About 3% of preschool children and 2% of children ages 6 - 7 have the disorder.
The cause of phonological disorder in children is often unknown. Close relatives may have had speech and language problems. Other risk factors may include poverty and coming from a large family.
Phonologic disorders may also be caused by:
Most children have problems pronouncing words early on while their speech is developing.
However, by age 3, at least half of what a child says should be understood (intelligible) by a stranger.
By age 5, a child's speech should be mostly intelligible.
Children with phonological disorder will substitute, leave off, or change sounds. These errors may make it hard for other people to understand the child. Only family members may be able to understand a child who has a more severe phonological speech disorder.
Commonly, children with this disorder have:
Children should be examined for disorders such as:
The health care provider should ask about issues, such as whether more than one language or a certain dialect is spoken at home.
TreatmentMilder forms of this disorder may disappear on their own by around age 6.
Speech therapy may be helpful for more severe symptoms or speech problems that do not get better. Therapy may help the child create the sound, for example by showing where to place the tongue or how to form the lips when making a sound.
Expectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the age at which the disorder started, and how severe it is. Many children eventually develop almost normal speech.
ComplicationsIn severe cases, the child may have problems being understood even by family members. In milder forms, the child may have difficulty being understood by people outside the immediate family. Problems with social interaction and academic performance may occur as a result.
Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if your child is:
Friedman O, Wang TD, Milczuk. Cleft lip and palate. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund VJ, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010: chap 186.
Sharp HM, Hillenbrand K. Speech and language development and disorders in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2008;55:1159-1173.
Simms MD. Language disorders in children: classification and clinical syndromes. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54:437-467.
Lyon GR, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Specific language and learning disabilities. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 32.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 05/13/2010
Benjamin W. Van Voorhees, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects one's ability to read, spell, and write. It is not a result of poor vision or intelligence but rather a difference in the way the brain processes language. Individuals with dyslexia may have difficulty with phonological awareness, decoding words, and recognizing word patterns. Treatment typically involves structured literacy instruction and accommodations to support learning.
Disorder is an antonym of organization. Disorder refers to a lack of organization or structure, while organization implies a systematic and structured arrangement.
disorder
The root word for bipolar disorder is "bi-" meaning two, and "polar" referring to opposite extremes. This reflects the characteristic swings between the two poles of mania and depression in individuals with this disorder.
Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles used for speech, resulting in difficulty speaking clearly. Dysarthrosis, on the other hand, refers to a joint disorder where there is abnormal movement or alignment of a joint, leading to limitations in range of motion or pain.
No, it is a behavioral disorder.
There are so many . . . I can think of bipolar disorder, depression, disassociation disorder, panic disorder, personality disorder, asocial disorder among the many.
The outcome varies. In some children the disorder evolves into a conduct disorder or a mood disorder. Later in life, oppositional defiant disorder can develop into passive aggressive personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder
yes it is a dissociative disorder. yes it is a dissociative disorder.
could be depression, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, paranoid Personality Disorder, etc. . .
He has a serious mental disorder.
No. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder.
The Immune Disorder SLE is and autoimmune disorder.
in families where at least one parent has a history of a mood disorder, conduct disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, or a substance-related disorder
bipolar disorder, mood disorder, symptoms are extremecycles of high and low moodschizophrenia, thought disorder, symptoms are hallucinations and delusionsmultiple personality disorder or dissociative identity disorder, dissociation disorder, symptoms are changes in identity and personality
its a disorder
Disorder