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When water passes through mineral-rich soil, it picks up ions of calcium and magnesium. This makes it "hard," meaning that it will irritate the skin and eyes, cause textiles to deteriorate faster than they should, and damage Plumbing and water heating systems. To remedy this, the homeowner must install a water softening system. The goal is to get rid of the calcium and magnesium by switching them for something that does not have such a harmful effect. Water softening systems switch sodium and potassium ions for calcium and magnesium ions, resulting in water that looks and smells clean. This is accomplished by running the water through a resin bed containing sodium and potassium. The sodium and potassium start out in the resin bed and end up in the water. The magnesium and calcium ions do the opposite, eventually completely coating the material of the resin bed. At this point, the softening stops and the resin bed must be regenerated with more sodium and potassium. The oldest type of system is manual, in which the owner uses manual controls for all operations. This type of system is rarely seen anymore. An offsite system is easiest for the homeowner. A service simply comes around and picks up the filter cylinder, which is taken to another location for regeneration. The service brings the cylinder back and replaces it. In a fully automatic system, the entire function is automatic, including regeneration. In a semi-automatic system, the daily working of the system is automatic, but regeneration is not. Automatic systems may be controlled by a time clock which performs the regeneration according to a schedule. Alternatives are a meter system that regenerates when a certain volume of water is used, and a hardness monitor system which monitors the water's mineral content and regenerates as needed. While offsite regeneration is easiest for the homeowner, it means paying a monthly bill for the pickup service. Fully automatic and semi-automatic systems are easy, but result in heavy water use. The hardness monitor system is most expensive to install, but will result in lower water bills in the longrun.
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Do saltless water softeners work as well a water softeners with salt?
The salt in conventional water softeners actually remove the minerals from the water, "softening" it. Saltless water heater, also known as descales, do not actually remove the minerals from the water, they prevent it from depositing in your pipes, but now in your water heater or places where the water sits for an extended period of time.
